Estimating Factors Affecting the Sustainable Environmental Development

An issue of Sustainable Environmental Development has occupied a wide range of interests of researchers and economists in some developing countries. The environmental issues are tightly linked to the development policies and the environmental grasp is no longer a matter of social welfare, but rather is a matter of economical; social and human dimensions. The research displays a concept of sustainable development, then estimating the impact of two variables: the economic development and the bio-ecological system on the sustainable development of some countries, including Iraq according to the fact that “increasing demand for foods and products in these countries has led them towards the intensive usage of natural resources which has, eventually, impairs the rates of development and contributes in the deterioration of bio-ecological system and impairs the sustainable development. The results of the analysis showed that the environmental ecosystem variable has a greater impact on sustainable environmental development than the economic development variable, which means that the environmental situation of some countries, especially the developing countries, continue to deteriorate, requiring all specialists and governments to make efforts to preserve the ecosystem for future generations

Modeling of Meteorological Parameters for Libya

Libya is a developing country with large natural resources. The surface of Libya amounts to 1,775,500 km2 and is the fourth biggest African country. The population of Libya amounts to approximately 5 million and is concentrated on the coastal strips though it is divided among cities, villages, and rural areas, while the desert has some green, sunny, and windy oasis where many tribes live there. Due to the random distribution of the villages and oasis among the vast Libyan area it will be very expensive to provide these remote areas with electric energy from the country's grid of electricity. This reason encourages us to consider renewable energy options such as solar, wind, as alternatives. For successful energy research and applications, weather parameters of Libya (wind speed, sunshine duration, humidity, temperature, rainfall, and global solar radiation) have to be modeled. For solar energy applications, information on global solar radiation for specific sites that have no records of weather data is required. A model based on Angstrom formula using weather data such as sunshine, temperature and humidity of five stations in Libya is described. The criteria of choosing the best formula among all formulae were based on R2 value (coefficient of determination), and the value of modeling efficiency (EFF). We can accept any of equations 2.12,2.19, and 2.20 to predict global solar radiation especially the nonlinear equation 2.20

The relationship between infectious diseases and housing maintenance in indigenous Australian households

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This research aimed to identify systemic housing-level contributions to infectious disease transmission for Indigenous Australians, in response to the Government program to ‘close the gap’ of health and other inequalities. A narrative literature review was performed in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. The findings revealed a lack of housing maintenance was associated with gastrointestinal infections, and skin-related diseases were associated with crowding. Diarrhoea was associated with the state of food preparation and storage areas, and viral conditions such as influenza were associated with crowding. Gastrointestinal, skin, ear, eye, and respiratory illnesses are related in various ways to health hardware functionality, removal and treatment of sewage, crowding, presence of pests and vermin, and the growth of mould and mildew. The research concluded that infectious disease transmission can be reduced by improving housing conditions, including adequate and timely housing repair and maintenance, and the enabling environment to perform healthy behaviours

Experimental Investigation of Sandwich Panels with Different Types of Coarse Aggregate

تمثل الالواح الساندويجية الخرسانية شكل انشائي مبتكر يتكون من طبقتين او أكثر من الخرسانة مفصولة بطبقة خفيفة الوزن .في العمل الحالي , الالواح الساندويجية تتكون من طبقتين من الخرسانة الخفيفة الوزن بينهما طبقة من الفلين , تربط الطبقتين الخرسانية الخارجية بواسطة قضيب حديدي على شكل قفص .البرنامج العملي يتكون من اربعة سقوف , واحد منها يكون سقف صلد بينما السقوف الثلاث الأخرى هي سقوف ساندويجية. المتغير الرئيسي للدراسة الحالية كان نوع الركام الخشن المستخدم في طبقتا الخرسانة الخارجية . فحصت الالواح بوضعية بسيط الأسناد تحت تأثير خطين من الحمل المسلط . بينت النتائج العملية ان استخدام السقوف الساندويجية يحسن الكثير من الخواص مثل المتانة والليونة والقيمة العظمى للهطول.بالأضافة الى الفائدة الرئيسية وهي تقليل الوزن الأجمالي للألواح , وكذلك اختلاف انواع  الركام الخشن يؤثر بشكل كبير على التصرف الانشائي للألواح .Concrete sandwich panel [CSP] is an innovative structural construction system. It is two or more layers of concrete separate by lightweight layers. The present work, the one-way sandwich panels are comprised of two lightweight concrete layers, between them a layer of cork, the dimensions of the slabs were (1100mm total length × 400 mm width × 90mm thickness). The outer concrete layers were connected by steel bar in the shape of truss. An experimental program was carried out on four slabs, one of them was solid slab while the three other slabs were sandwich slabs. The main variable of this study was the type of course aggregate which used in the outer concrete layers. The slabs have been tested as a simply support span under two points load. Experimental results proved that the using of sandwich panels will have enhanced many properties such as toughness, ductility and maximum value of deflection, in addition to the main benefit is a total weight reduction. The differ in the type of coarse aggregate considerably influences the structural behavior of the panels

Bolivia\u27s lithium frontier: Can public private partnerships deliver a minerals boom for sustainable development?

Lithium is central at least in the short term, for transitions to renewable energy. Substantial deposits reside in South America's 'lithium triangle' in Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. Bolivia has promoted lithium industrialization through vertically integrated mineral development under resource nationalism and public-private partnerships with foreign corporations. Central to the Bolivian vision is a desire to harness the most environmentally appropriate technologies for national development and to move away from exploitative extractive models so prevalent in developing countries. Bolivia has been at the forefront of Global South climate change arguments about carbon debt and resource rights for just and fair sustainable development. We discuss the debate on cleaner production for lithium, challenges of Bolivia's lithium industrialization under Indigenous President Morales, and investigate how the desire for cleaner technologies has cultivated unusual governance arrangements via public private partnerships (PPPs) between state enterprises and foreign-owned private corporations. We consider this model for developing remote mineral reserves for advanced cleaner production technologies that are necessary for the transition from a fossil fuel to a low carbon global economy, alongside addressing sustainable development goals. Lithium is vital for energy storage, renewable energy and the electric vehicle industry. To meet rising lithium demand with minimal environmental and social impacts, novel approaches are needed to international resource extraction partnerships that transcend ideological biases; with their efficacy evaluated. Our research aims to pave the way to such an evaluative framework, using Bolivia's lithium as a central case. Key research issues for developing the framework and initial criteria of evaluation are proposed, focused on how public private partnerships interface with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Characterization of Lactobacillus Isolates from Human Mouth and Feces as Probiotics

Probiotics are live microbes that give many health benefits to human beings and animals, the most studied and commonly used probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria; lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At nowadays, Lactobacillus spp. constitute more than two-thirds of the total numbers of probiotic species. The present study aimed to characterize Lactobacillus that locally isolated from human mouth and feces as probiotics. A total of three Lactobacillus isolates; Lactobacillus fermentum Lb2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb9, and Lactobacillus paracasei Lb10 were investigated in respect to acid and bile salts tolerance, antibiotics susceptibility, and cell surface hydrophobicity in vitro using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons method. In comparison with the other two isolates, the isolate L. fermentum Lb2 was able to grow in all pH values and in the presence of different concentrations of bile salts. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that the tested Lactobacillus isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to the other antibiotics that used in this study. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited high surface hydrophobicity (77.26%), while the other tested isolates; L. rhamnosus Lb9 and L. paracasei Lb10 revealed moderate adhesion abilities, 68.56% and 65%, respectively. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited good probiotic behavior with respect to acid and bile salt tolerance as well as adhesion ability to hydrocarbons

Personality Disorder among Male Prisoner in Erbil/ Iraq

Background and objectives: Personality disorders are enduring, persistent and pervasive disorders of inner experience and behavior that cause distress or significant impairment in social functioning. They have strong relationship to offending and violence; our aim in the study was to determine the prevalence rate of each specific types of personality disorder among male sentenced prisoners and correlation with crime typologies of the studied population.Methods: 100 male sentenced prisoners in Erbil adult reformatory prison were assessed by the use of a semi structured psychiatric interview schedule based on DSM-IV criteria for diagnosing personality disorders. In addition, information were collected regarding socio demographic and crime characteristics by specifically designed questionnaire, the data were analyzed by specific statistical method.Results: The study shows that the prevalence of personality disorder in general was 80%; the most prevalent one was antisocial 32%. The most represented crime was murder 35%, the majority of the crimes were done alone 74%, and most of them had no previous crime record 86%. Conclusion: This study comes to conclude that there is a high rate of personality disorders in the ‎prison community and there is a correlation between personality disorders ‎and offences. Keywords: prisoner, crime, personality disorder, Erbil

Iplementasi Strategi Every One Is a Teacher Here Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berbicara Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas V Semester 1 SDN 1 Sendang Todanan Blora Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

This study was motivated by the low skills of speaking students. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in the skills of speaking in class V SDN 1 Spring District of Todanan Blora. This research was conducted using Action Research (PTK) by the method of discussion.This research was conducted in two cycles with 3 meeting. Subjects were students of class V SD Negeri 1 Spring District of todanan Blora academic year 2015/2016 totaling 28 students. Managing data in this study by analyzing data qualitatively. Learning outcomes as quantitative data obtained from the results of group work and individual evaluation of the test results to see an increase in the skills of students to the concept of matter speaking skills. Secondary data include data on students' understanding of the learning outcomes of students, pratindakan, lesson plan, syllabus and curriculum derived from the documents held by teachers and school. Data collected through the practice tests, observations, consider the study and observation. To test the validity of the data is done by triangulation. From the analysis of the data found that student learning outcomes before held the action is 11 students (39.28%) thoroughly studied and 17 students (60.71%) has not been thoroughly studied. In the first cycle were 24 (85.71%) students have thoroughly studied and 4 students (14:28%) has not been thoroughly studied. In the second cycle learning completeness reached 96.42% at 27 students have been thoroughly studied.Beradasarkan the data above, shows that the improvement of learning subjects Indonesian subject speaking skills have produced a satisfactory value, thus the improvement of learning has been completed. Keywords: every one is a techer here, speaking skills

A new approach to detecting and classifying multiple faults in IEEE 14-bus system

Faults in the power system generally provide considerable changes in its quantities such as under or over-power, over-current, current or power direction, frequency, impedance, and power factor. Reading data related to both currents and voltages is usually involved for detecting and situating the fault on the transmission network. These days, any outage of power in a power grid leads to heavy financial losses for commercial, industrial, and domestic consumers. Random and irregular faults in transmission grids contribute significantly to events of power outages. A significant contribution of this study is a new technique for simulating a multiple simultaneous faults model. The recommended approach is an effective technique for detection, classification and localization of faults in transmission networks of electric power. To attain this objective, a training procedure and a neural network simulation were carried out using m-file in MATLAB. A virtual bus has been proposed to analyze the fault which happens on the transmission line and bus. This technique has been applied on the IEEE 14 bus and multiple simultaneous faults have been mentioned in this study. The fault situations are simulated in m-files through the two-port network performance method, which is a highly enhanced scheme in comparison to the existing methods. The results have been arrived upon by subjecting different buses to varying types of fault. The results provide comprehensive information regarding fault current, post-fault voltages, and fault MVA on all the buses. The values at the bus for voltage, power consumption, and phase angles were specified. As suggested by the findings of the simulation, the proposed methodology is an effective technique for detection, classification and localization of fault