A perspective on using experiment and theory to identify design principles in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been the subject of wide-ranging studies for many years because of their potential for large-scale manufacturing using roll-to-roll processing allied to their use of earth abundant raw materials. Two main challenges exist for DSC devices to achieve this goal; uplifting device efficiency from the 12 to 14% currently achieved for laboratory-scale ‘hero’ cells and replacement of the widely-used liquid electrolytes which can limit device lifetimes. To increase device efficiency requires optimized dye injection and regeneration, most likely from multiple dyes while replacement of liquid electrolytes requires solid charge transporters (most likely hole transport materials – HTMs). While theoretical and experimental work have both been widely applied to different aspects of DSC research, these approaches are most effective when working in tandem. In this context, this perspective paper considers the key parameters which influence electron transfer processes in DSC devices using one or more dye molecules and how modelling and experimental approaches can work together to optimize electron injection and dye regeneration. This paper provides a perspective that theory and experiment are best used in tandem to study DSC device

Henoch scholein purpura presenting as distal ileitis in a postmenopausal woman: A rare case report

Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis leading to deposition of immune IgA complexes. It presents with a tetrad of symptoms, including a purpuric rash occurring on the lower extremities, gastro intestinal involvement, renal involvement and arthritis. HSP is self limited and primarily affects children .The etiology is unknown. Treatment is mainly supportive therapy with analgesics and in severe cases, steroids are used. Here we report a rare case of Henoch Scholein purpura in a postmenopausal woman presenting as acute distal ileitis