The Process of Identity Adaptation （ Oriai ） in Community-Dwelling People with Schizophrenia － Results from Content Analyses and Text Mining －

This study aimed to further elucidate the process of identity adaptation in people with schizophrenia by talking to them about their illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling people with schizophrenia. Analysis was performed using Krippendorf’s approach, and Text Mining. Eleven content categories were derived: “illness acceptance”, “self-control”, “help from family”, “help from friends”, “help from doctors or nurses”, “modifying thinking”, “social roles and activities”, “worthwhile work”, “enjoyment of life”, “being happy”, and “being free”. Participants with schizophrenia were found to attain “illness acceptance” based on “help from family”, “help from friends”, and “help from doctors and nurses”. Text mining results is 400 keywords were identified. The top 5 in order of importance and frequency were: “omou” (feel/think), “naru” (become), “iu” (say), “suru” (do), and “kusuri” (medication).As a result of an interactive process surrounding the concepts of “illness acceptance”, “self-control” and “modifying thinking” the participants sought out “social roles and activities” and “worthwhile work” to acquire a social identity. Thus, it was found that the participants felt they “enjoyed life and were happy” and “they were free”, because they were productive members of society

Coping Behaviors and Collaboration among Staff of Multiple Occupation Classifications during Norovirus

In December 2012 a norovirus infection outbreak occurred in the Orthopedic Surgery Ward of Hospital A in Japan. This study aims to establish details of coping behaviors used by nurses, physicians, physiotherapists, and pharmacists of the facility, and examine the issues involved in infection control by team collaboration as well as the ways employed to deal with the infections. Participants in this study were thirty-seven medical professionals who were working in the Orthopedic Surgery Ward of Hospital A at the time the infection outbreak occurred, and who were still working there when the interviews were conducted. Interviews were conducted from January to April 2015, and the data from the interviews were analyzed using the “Trend Search 2008” text mining software. As a result of the analysis it was found that the nurses primarily communicated information by passing messages to the nurses who took over the duty at shift changes, but did not pass on the information to staff in other occupations or to the ward as a whole. The nurses clearly remembered that the ward was closed and it was a difficult experience, but did not remember details of the patients they were in charge of. The physicians clearly remembered individual patients they were in charge of, but they were not aware of the situation and state throughout the ward. The findings suggest that this difference is due to the differences in the occupational nature and sense of values of the staff involved. It is also found that physiotherapists did not feel a sense of crisis about the norovirus outbreak because they felt the patients in the ward appeared to be in better condition than patients in other wards, and that pharmacists lacked communication with staff in other occupations because they usually have heavy workloads. In concept mappings of physicians, physiotherapists, and pharmacists, the keyword places in the center of the maps, and is linked to and . Because the nurse plays a central role to report information among the four occupations, nurses should be aware of and assigned to play the role to coordinate team collaboration

Comparison of Polytetrafluoroethylene Flat-Sheet Membranes with Different Pore Sizes in Application to Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

This study focused on phase separation of activated sludge mixed liquor by flat-sheet membranes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A 20 liter working volume lab-scale MBR incorporating immersed PTFE flat-sheet membrane modules with different pore sizes (0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 μm) was operated for 19 days treating a synthetic wastewater. The experiment was interrupted twice at days 5 and 13 when the modules were removed and cleaned physically and chemically in sequence. The pure water permeate flux of each membrane module was measured before and after each cleaning step to calculate membrane resistances. Results showed that fouling of membrane modules with 0.3 μm pore size was more rapid than other membrane modules with different pore sizes (0.5 and 1.0 μm). On the other hand, it was not clear whether fouling of the 0.5 μm membrane module was more severe than that of the 1.0 μm membrane module. This was partly because of the membrane condition after chemical cleaning, which seemed to determine the fouling of those modules over the next period. When irreversible resistance (<em>R<sub>i</sub></em>) <em>i.e.</em>, differences in membrane resistance before use and after chemical cleaning was high, the transmembrane pressure increased quickly during the next period irrespective of membrane pore size