EVALUATION OF FETAL WEIGHT SONOGRAPHICALLY USING AREA OF WHARTON'S JELLY AND MORPHOLOGY OF UMBILICAL CORD

Objective: To establish a sonographic relationship between Area of Wharton's Jelly (AWJ) and umbilical cord morphometry with the birth weight of the fetus in low-risk pregnancies from 13 to 40 weeks.Methods: A total of 800 singleton pregnant females were subjected for routine sonographic evaluation. The umbilical cord length, diameter, and AWJ were determined. The gestational age and fetal weight were determined using usual fetal parameters. Umbilical cord morphometry along with Area of Wharton Jelly can be utilized as other parameters to increase the accuracy of fetal weight.Results: In our study, the umbilical cord diameter at birth showed statistically significant positive correlation with birth weight (R=0.167; p<0.001). Umbilical cord length, diameter, and Area of Wharton Jelly showed statistically significant positive correlation with birth weight (p<0.001).Conclusion: Using statistical analysis, a positive correlation was established between estimated fetal weight and fetal age with umbilical cord morphometry and AWJ

BIFURCATION OF SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS OF ATLAS VERTEBRA: A CASE STUDY IN DRY BONES

Objective: The objective of the study was to see the superior articular facets (SAF) of atlas vertebrae for complete bifurcation. Methods: In a number of 50 atlas vertebrae with 100 SAF were studied for the tendency to complete separation in the Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar during the period of January 2015 to January 2016. Results: Out of 50 atlas vertebrae (100 AF), we observed complete bifurcation on both sides in 14 atlas vertebrae (28 sides) and complete bifurcation right side only in six atlas vertebrae and complete bifurcation left side only in 14 atlas vertebrae. The results were compared with those of other studies and were statistically analyzed. Discussion: The clinical significance of this study has been thus discussed with a reference to its possible effect on the restriction of the neck movement at the atlanto-occipital joint. Conclusion: This study is of great importance to the clinicians for doing any clinical facet procedure in the neck region

Morphometric study of proximal femur in fractured and non-fractured post menopausal women

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hip fracture using proximal femoral morphometry in fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 138 postmenopausal women (49 fractured and 89 nonfractured). The hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), acetabular width (AW), femoral head width (FHW), femoral shaft width (FSW), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were measured in all cases by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) with all the parameters in fractured and control groups.Results:The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 61.24±3.23, 163.94±7.84 cm, 71.88±9.14 kg, and 26.72±2.78 kg/m², respectively, in fractured patients. In nonfractured patients the values were 59.73±5.32, 161.73±4.25 cm, 69.54±6.25 kg, and 26.74±2.23 kg/m² respectively. The mean HAL, FNAL, AW, FHW, FSW, and FNSA were 130.5±3.18 mm, 111.26±3.64 mm, 18.2±1.91 mm, 53.46±1.51 mm, 37.45±1.82 mm, and 132.76±3.15 degree in case group and 130.84±4.74 mm, 112.48±4.08 mm, 17.57±2.32 mm, 53.4±1.86 mm, 35.29±1.82 mm, and 128.76±3.6° in control group, respectively.Conclusion: The femoral parameters such as HAL, FNAL, AW, and FHW do not indicate any correlation between fractured and control groups, whereas FSW and FNSA were significantly higher in case group. The FNSA was having significant negative correlation with BMI in fractured group while that was having a significant positive correlation in the nonfractured group. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.Keywords: Proximal femur, Morphometry, Postmenopausal, Fracture

Enhancing Orthodontic Pain Management: A vision for Improved Patient Comfort

Pain is a common concern in orthodontic treatment, resulting from inflammatory responses triggered by force application. This review explores the characteristics, mechanisms, causes, and management strategies for orthodontic pain. Patient-specific factors, including age, gender, and anxiety, contribute to pain perception. Pain typically peaks shortly after orthodontic procedures and diminishes gradually. Orthodontic Pain management encompasses pharmacological interventions (NSAIDs, analgesics), mechanical methods (chewing gum, laser therapy), and behavioral approaches (CBT, physical activity). Modifications in orthodontic procedures, such as using Ni-Ti wires and alternatives to traditional appliances, have been introduced to alleviate pain. These advances have transformed the orthodontic experience, making it more tolerable and enhancing treatment outcomes. Overall, this review provides insights into orthodontic pain and its management, benefiting both patients and practitioners in achieving successful orthodontic treatmen

Reply to Deora et al. Multiplexing for Plasmodium spp.? Think Again! Comment on “Bhowmick et al. Dry Post Wintertime Mass Surveillance Unearths a Huge Burden of P. vivax, and Mixed Infection with P. vivax P. falciparum, a Threat to Malaria Elimination, in Dhalai, Tripura, India. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1259”

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