Plays of Hierarchy and Spontaneity in Everyday Social Gatherings of the Javanese

The Javanese interaction is often extremely formalized.The way they speak and behave is regulated by their collective ideal of refinedness which is based on a set of oppositional ideas, i. e.; highly valued refinedness (alus) versus degrading coarseness (kasar).This value system is not just a matter of personal aesthetics of action but also implies a Javanese ideal of social hierarchy, for those who are more refined exert socio-cultural and even political authority over those less refined.Then, we have to ask to what extent the everyday acts of the Javanese are constrained by this notion of hierarchy; and where we can find rooms for free plays and spontaneity.The material for these questions are taken from two forms of customarized social gatherings in a Central Javanese village.One is the communal feast, or jagong, which is occasioned by a wide variety of family rituals, where people try their best to achieve the ideal of refined action.The feast produces to us a scene of collective subjugation of the people to the whole order of cultural hierarchy.The other form of the social gatherings, called jagongan, contarasts to this rigid subjugation.It is an informal and casual gathering taking place almost every evening in front of village houses.People in the jagongan enjoy refined action as a form of playful performace, even as a parody.Creativeness, variation, surprise, and above all a sense of pleasure is appreciated in it.Though the hierarchical notion permeates deep into everyday interactions of the Javanese, anti-hierarchical elements operate like parasites from within the hierarchy itself

A Field Report from Sabak Bernam : On a Javanese Immigrant Community in Peninsular Malaysia

This is about a Javanese immigrant community in Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia.They first came to the area in 1920s as pioneers and, while preserving thier identity as Javanese, developed swampy jungle into coconut gardens almost by their own effort.Since the independance of the Malaysian state, however, these Javanese have developed double identities as Javanese on one hand, and Malays in Malaysian state on the other.Their involvement in the process of nation building has caused internal conflicts among them.They have distanced themselves from their former compatriots in Indonesia, sought their new identity somewhere between the Javaneseness and the politically formulated Malayness.This complicated process is still going on and the rural development programs by the Malaysian goverment are adding further impacts on it.Anthropologists have not studied societies simply in terms of modern nation states.This conventional practice should be justified since commonsensical view on the contemporary world is biased in favor of the nationstates, their integrity and autonomy taken for granted too easily.It must, however, be noted that state borders, once fixed, separate people and culture which used to be one and the same.This study on an oversea Javanese community aims to explore how the modern state border affects ethnictraits of the immigrants and how people in oversea frontier react to the process of nation building

Percutaneous coronary intervention for a healed erosion with excimer laser coronary angioplasty and drug-coated balloon angioplasty: a case report

BackgroundHealed plaque, characterized by distinct layers of organizing thrombus and collagen, is the hallmark of tissue self-repair. However, the efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) followed by drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty in patients with healed plaques is not fully understood.Case summaryA 42-year-old woman with a history of anxiety disorder was admitted to our institution with worsening chest pain and subsequently diagnosed with anterior non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed severe stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) despite Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed healed plaques with partial macrophage accumulation and no fresh thrombus. Plaque disruption and thin-cap fibrous atheroma were not identified in the culprit lesions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) confirmed high-intensity marginal irregular masses at the culprit site, suggesting that the thrombus was formed by plaque erosion rather than lipid plaque or necrotic tissue. With lesion modification using ELCA prior to DCB angioplasty, OCT examination of the LAD after ELCA showed a significant reduction in plaque burden and preserved lumen size. Post-percutaneous coronary intervention angiography revealed no stenosis with TIMI grade 3. A follow-up coronary computed tomography scan showed no angiographic restenosis, and the patient remained symptom-free.ConclusionsHere we describe a case in which OCT and IVUS evaluation suggested organizing thrombus due to erosion healing, and a favorable outcome was achieved with the combination of ELCA and DCB. The combination use of ELCA and DCB might be a potential strategy for acute coronary syndrome patients with organizing thrombus

Impact of Native Coronary Artery Calcification on Lesion Outcome Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis

This study aimed to clarify whether native coronary artery（CA） calcification before index percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） has an impact on the effectiveness of drug-coated balloon（DCB） angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis（ISR）. 100consecutive patients with 166ISR lesions underwent quantitative coronary angiography（QCA） before and after index PCI and before and after DCB angioplasty for ISR. CA calcification before index PCI was assessed by angiography and results were analyzed to reveal the predictive values for target lesion revascularization（TLR） and major adverse cardiac events（MACE）. During 1.03±1.03years of follow-up, TLR occurred in 44lesions（26.5%） and MACE in 33 patients（33%）. On multivariate analysis, CA calcification before index PCI（p=0.016）, and % diameter of stenosis（%DS）≥73%（p=0.023） and minimal lumen diameter（MLD）<0.65mm（p=0.001） before DCB angioplasty were independent predictors for TLR after DCB angioplasty. MACE was also associated with CA calcification before index PCI（p=0.01）, and %DS≥73%（p=0.001） and MLD<0.65mm（p=0.01） before DCB angioplasty, but only %DS≥73% before DCB angioplasty was an independent predictor for MACE after DCB angioplasty（p=0.039）. The combination of CA calcification before index PCI and these QCA factors before DCB angioplasty was an independent and more powerful predictor for MACE than the QCA factors alone（p<0.001）. Thereafter, the combination of CA calcification and %DS≥73% before DCB angioplasty stratified the risk of MACE after DCB angioplasty（p<0.05）. CA calcification before index PCI, as well as anatomical information at ISR, have an impact on outcome after DCB angioplasty for ISR

Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the Right Atrium Is Associated with Progression of Atrial Fibrillation and Recurrence after Pulmonary Vein Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

An increase in epicardial adipose tissue（EAT）in the left atrium（LA）predicts the progression of atrial fibrillation（AF）and AF recurrence after pulmonary vein catheter ablation（CA）. We hypothesized that EAT in the right atrium（RA）is also associated with the progression of AF and post-CA AF recurrence. Using 128-slice multidetector computed tomography, EAT volume and atrial volume were measured 3-dimensionally before CA in 68 patients who had proven AF（paroxysmal AF, 42; persistent AF, 26; mean age, 65±11 years; 42.6％ female）with successful CA and 21 volunteers with sinus rhythm（age, 63±13 years; 52.3％ female）. In both atria, EAT and atrial volumes were largest in patients with persistent AF, followed, in order, by those with paroxysmal AF, and then healthy volunteers（P＜0.001）. Increased EAT and atrial volumes in both atria predicted persistent AF（P＜0.001）. Fifteen patients had AF recurrence（22.1％）during the 2-year period after CA. Increased EAT volume in both atria were independent predictors for AF recurrence, and a RA EAT volume≥6.2ml was an independent predictor, with a hazard ratio of 5.47（95％ confidence interval, 1.2-24.3; P=0.03）. The combination of EAT and atrial volume in both atria was a more powerful independent prognostic factor, with a hazard ratio of 4.8（95％ confidence interval, 1.7-3.7; P=0.003）, and a sensitivity of 60％ in 9 of 15 patients, and specificity of 81.1％ in 43 of 53 patients,（P=0.003）. RA EAT is associated with the progression of AF and post-CA AF recurrence

Significance of Coronary Artery Calcium Score in the Target Lesion Evaluated by Multi-detector Computed Tomography for Selecting Treatment of Rotational Atherectomy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

We investigated whether coronary artery calcium score (CAC) in the target lesion on the multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) predicts the addition of the Rotational atherectomy (Rota) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Lesion CAC on CTA were evaluated with quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) on coronary angiography for predicting the Rota treatment in 114 consecutive patients (165 target lesions) with first PCI (68 ± 9 years old, females: 17.6%). Rota was added in 8 patients (11 lesions). The lesion length and diameter stenosis on QCA, and lesion length and lesion CAC on CTA were the primary factors associated with the addition of Rota. Using the cut-off value based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting the Rota based on QCA was 72.7% in 8 of 11 lesions (vessels) with Rota and the specificity was 74% in 114 of 154 without Rota in the lesion length of ≥ 23mm (χ2=10.9, p=0.001), and 54.5% in 6 of 11 lesions with Rota and the specificity was 79.2% in 122 of 154 without Rota in the diameter stenosis of ≥ 83% (χ2=6.6, p=0.01). Those based on CTA were 90.9% in 10 of 11 lesions with Rota and 77.3% in 119 of 154 without Rota in the lesion length of ≥ 34mm (χ2=24.1, p<0.001), and 90.9% in 10 of 11 with Rota and 88.3% in 136 of 154 without Rota in the lesions with CAC ≥453 (χ2=45.7, p<0.001). Lesion CAC on CTA is most predictive of addition of Rota during PCI

Pioneer Settlers and State Control : A Javanese Migrant Community in Selangor, Malaysia

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。This is a case study of a Javanese rural community on the northern coast of Selangor, Malaysia, combining both field research and historical study. From the last decades of the nineteenth century through the beginning of the Second World War, a large number of Javanese migrated from Java to the southwestern states of Malaya. They are now integrated into the Malay population of Malaysia, but, in many cases, still maintain Javanese cultural traits such as language and customs. However, this paper is not a study of Javanese ethnicity in Malaysia. It will be shown that the history and present conditions of the Javanese have been determined by their relation not to other ethnics but the state, whether colonial or independent. The first part of the paper examines the past history of the Javanese migrants as pioneer settlers in the frontier, their struggle against both a tough natural environment and obstacles imposed by the British colonial state. The second part deals with their life under the rural development schemes of the Malaysian government. The Javanese community under study is now divided by people's attitudes toward the nation-state and its policies. The author argues that this internal division is a reflection of their attitude toward the state : incorporation into the state or distance from it

A Preliminary Report on the Javanese in Selangoor, Malaysia(<Special Issue>Socio-Economic Change and Cultural Transformation in Rural Malaysia : A Preliminary Research Report)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました