Association of gut microbiome with COPD in Japanese male residents: the SESSA study

Background: Altered gut microbiota may contribute to COPD development or progression. Herein, we investigated the association of gut microorganisms with COPD, taking into account the impact of smoking status. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was a part of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, a population-based cohort study of Japanese men aged 46-76 years, conducted from 2010 to 2016. The gut microbiome, determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was compared among 99 never-smokers, 306 non-COPD ever-smokers and 76 patients with COPD while adjusting for age, body mass index, ethanol consumption and treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: The abundance of phylum Firmicutes was comparable between patients with COPD and non-COPD ever-smokers but tended to be higher in never-smokers. Similarly, the α- and β-diversity analysis showed similarity between patients with COPD and non-COPD ever-smokers, which tended to differ from never-smokers. Discriminant analysis identified the genus [Prevotella] to be more prevalent in patients with COPD than in never-smokers or non-COPD ever-smokers. Post hoc analysis confirmed similarity of gut microbiome between COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I and non-COPD ever-smokers, which was different from GOLD II. Conclusion: Smoking may alter the overall gut microbial composition, but gut microbial composition itself may not play a role in the development of COPD. Rather, specific gut bacteria, such as [Prevotella], could be a risk factor for the development of COPD; this may be a potential therapeutic target.journal articl

テクネシウム標識した抗腎癌モノクロナール抗体による移植腎腫瘍でのシンチグラムの試み

腎細胞癌の画像診断を目指して, 腎細胞癌に特異的に反応するモノクローナル抗体(RCS-1)の, 生体内での腫瘍への集積性の基礎的検討を行った.抗体はテクネシウム標識して検査に用いた.標識抗体の腫瘍への集積性は, 腎細胞癌(AM-RG-3, CCF-RC-2), 胃癌(NUGC-4)移植ヌードマウスを用いて検討した.標識抗体を腹腔に投与し, 48時間後に各組織への集積を検査した.腫瘍への集積性の指標となる腫瘍/血液で各腫瘍を比較するとそれぞれ1.05, 0.80, 0.55となり胃癌株に対して腎細胞癌株に有意に集積しており, 腎細胞癌特異的な反応として集積していることが確認できた.又, シンチグラム像としても本抗体の集積を確認することができたAccumulation in the tumor of the RCS-1 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the cell surface antigen of renal cancer cells was examined. The antibody purified by affinity chromatography (protein-A column) and gel fractionation was labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) by a direct method. High labeling efficiency (> 98%) could be routinely obtained. However, the 99mTc labeling of the antibody did not reduce the reactivity of the RCS-1 antibody. The labeled antibody was injected into nude mice transplanted with human renal and gastric tumors, and the accumulation of the antibody in each tumor and various tissues was compared at 48 hours after injection. The highest accumulation of radiolabeled RCS-1 antibody was observed in the AM-RC-3 renal tumors; at 8.0% of the injected dose per gram and a tumor-to-blood ratio of 1.05, respectively. However, the radiolabeled RCS-1, did not show specific accumulation in the gastric tumor nor in any tissues tested. The xenografted tumor, AM-RC-3 was successfully visualized with the radiolabeled RCS-1 antibody by scintigraphy

膀胱移行上皮癌に対する膀胱全摘除術の治療成績

Fifty six patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were treated by total cystectomy from January, 1979 through December, 1988. A retrospective study was conducted on 52 patients on whom prognosis could be followed up. There were 40 men and 12 women (male to female ratio: 3.3: 1), between 32 and 79 years old (mean age, 64.1 years old). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 65.8%, 54.1% and 43.0%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates for patients with low grade (G, I, II) and high grade (G. III) were 41.9% and 42.7%, respectively: with no significant difference in the survival curves between the two groups. The 5-year survival rates according to histopathological stage were 78.9% for patients in low stage, 24.7% in high stage, and the difference in the survival curves between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The mortality in the 21 cases of the 33 high stage cases in which cisplatin was used was 42.9%, with 3- and 5-year survival rates were 53.1% and 36.8%, respectively. In the remaining 12 cases in which cisplatin was not used for post-operative chemotherapy, the mortality in the 12 cases was 83.3%, with 3- and 5-year survival rates of 25.1% and 12.3%, respectively. Thus, the patients who received post-operative chemotherapy showed a better survival rate than those who did not with a significant difference (P less than 0.05). The results of the present study suggest the usefulness of post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy in the high stage case

上部尿路上皮腫瘍における膜抗原の研究 — ABH-isoantigen と Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen —

上部尿路上皮腫瘍47例(すべて腎・尿管全摘出術兼膀胱部分切除術施行.30例は腎盂の移行上皮癌, 17例に尿管の移行上皮癌)を対象にAvidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC)法を用いてABH-AgとT-Agを検索し, その抗原性の変化と病理組織学的異型度, 深達度および予後(5年生存率)との関係について検討した.ABH-Agでは抗原性の消退と異型度との間に有意の相関(p<0.05)があったが, 深達度および予後との間には有意の相関はなかった.一方, T-Agでは抗原性の消退と異型度, 深達度ならびに予後との間に有意の相関(p<0.01)があった.以上より, 上部尿路移行上皮癌におけるABH-AgおよびT-Agの検索は, その癌のmalignant potentialを知る上で有益であり, 予後予知因子としてはT-Agはより有用性が高いと考えられたABH-isoantigen (ABH-Ag) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) were investigated by the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) method on 47 patients with epithelial tumor of the upper urinary tract (all patients underwent nephroureterectomy including the cuff of the bladder; 30 patients were diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and 17 ureteral organs). The correlations between ABC expression for ABH-Ag and T-Ag with histological grade, stage and prognosis (5 year survival rate) were studied. A correlation was observed between grade (p less than 0.05) and deletion of the antigenicity of ABH-Ag, but no correlation was evident with stage and prognosis. A high correlation was evident, however, between grade (p less than 0.01), stage (p less than 0.01) and prognosis (p less than 0.01) and deletion of the antigenicity of T-Ag. The analysis of ABC expression for ABH-Ag and T-Ag may therefore be valuable for predicting the malignant potential in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. T-Ag determination in particular may provide a useful prognostic probe should it find clinical application

Smoking Status and Risk Awareness of Heated Tobacco Product Use among General Dental Practitioners Belonging to the Aichi Dental Association, Japan

The awareness of healthcare practitioners concerning heated tobacco product (HTP) use risks has been evaluated; however, few studies have investigated general dental practitioners&rsquo; awareness regarding HTP-use risks. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated dentists&rsquo; awareness of the risks of smoking, particularly HTP use. A self-administered questionnaire, including eight questions on conventional cigarette and HTP smoking/using status and both knowledge and awareness of HTP-use risks, was posted to 3883 dentists belonging to the Aichi Dental Association, Japan, in August 2019. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences; statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. We analyzed the data of 1317 dentists (participation rate, 41.6%). The study group included cigarette smokers (11.5%) and HTP users (8.5%), among whom 41.1% were dual users. HTP users were more likely than never smokers/users to correctly perceive HTP-use risks (p &lt; 0.05). This study indicates that in Japan, the proportion of HTP users is higher than that of the general population. It is important to educate not only smokers/users but also never smokers/users on the risks of smoking and using HTPs. Smoking cessation, including ceasing HTP use, and aiming to quit smoking and HTP use among dentists would contribute to appropriate smoking cessation among patients