New standard for windtunnel testing technique for propeller driven models at ONERA

Communication to : 21st AIAA advanced measurement technology and ground testing conference, Denver, CO (USA), June 19-22, 2000SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.2000 n.195 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Sinistrin clearance for determination of glomerular filtration rate: a reappraisal of various approaches using a new analytical method

Several approaches are available to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the sinistrin clearance. To compare such approaches, GFR was estimated in six healthy volunteers, both after a bolus injection and a bolus dose followed by a 6-hour infusion. A recently developed high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for the determination of sinistrin levels, enabling precise measurements in plasma and urine samples with high sensitivity. Blood and urine were sampled up to 6 hours. Four calculation methods for estimating GFR were applied: 1) classical ratio of urinary excretion rate over plasma concentration (UV/P); 2) two-point (log-linear regression slope times monocompartmental volume of distribution) after bolus; 3) ratio of dose over area under the curve (D/AUC) after bolus; and 4) ratio of infusion rate over steady-state concentration during infusion (Rinf/P). The results obtained by fitting a pharmacokinetic model to all the plasma and urine data served as the standard against which the performance of the respective calculation methods were examined. The UV/P method performed poorly on bolus data, mainly by underestimating GFR at late times; on both bolus and infusion data, it suffered from important imprecisions on the urinary volume. The two-point method appeared applicable only between 2 and 4 hours after the bolus dose. The D/AUC method with extrapolation to infinity was highly reliable when integrating the concentrations up to 3 hours or more after the bolus dose. The Rinf/P method was satisfactory if applied later than 2 to 3 hours after the loading dose. The advantages and drawbacks of each method have to be evaluated in relation to the particular clinical setting in which GFR is to be estimated

Wind tunnel testing of propeller driven aircraft models The FLA experience at ONERA

Communication to : 7th european propulsion forum, Pau (France), March 10-12, 1999Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1999 n.51 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition of deferasirox in beta-thalassemic patients with transfusion-dependent iron overload who are at pharmacokinetic steady state.

Deferasirox (ICL670) is a novel once-daily, orally administered iron chelator to treat chronic iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]deferasirox at pharmacokinetic steady state was investigated in five adult beta-thalassemic patients. Deferasirox (1000 mg) was given orally once daily for 6 days to achieve steady state. On day 7, patients received a single oral 1000-mg dose (approximately 20 mg/kg) of [14C]deferasirox (2.5 MBq). Blood, plasma, feces, and urine samples collected over 7 days were analyzed for radioactivity, deferasirox, its iron complex Fe-[deferasirox]2, and metabolites. Deferasirox was well absorbed. Deferasirox and its iron complex accounted for 87 and 10%, respectively, of the radioactivity in plasma (area under the curve at steady state). Excretion occurred largely in the feces (84% of dose), and 60% of the radioactivity in the feces was identified as deferasirox. Apparently unchanged deferasirox in feces was partly attributable to incomplete intestinal absorption and partly to hepatobiliary elimination of deferasirox (including first-pass elimination) and of its glucuronide. Renal excretion was only 8% of the dose and included mainly the glucuronide M6. Oxidative metabolism by cytochrome 450 enzymes to M1 [5-hydroxy (OH) deferasirox, presumably by CYP1A] and M4 (5'-OH deferasirox, by CYP2D6) was minor (6 and 2% of the dose, respectively). Direct and indirect evidence indicates that the main pathway of deferasirox metabolism is via glucuronidation to metabolites M3 (acyl glucuronide) and M6 (2-O-glucuronide)

Wavefront sensing in propagation and imaging though the atmosphere

Tire de SPIE's technical symposium on optical engineering and photonics in aerospace sensing, Orlando, April 16-20, 1990SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1990 n.98 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc