Produção orgânica de rabanete em plantio direto sobre cobertura morta e viva.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de plantas espontâneas e cobertura viva de amendoim forrageiro(Arachis pintoi), associado à aplicação de composto orgânico na produção orgânica do rabanete em plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado na Universidade Federal do Acre, em Rio Branco-AC, de 15/06 a 14/07/2007. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas 4x3, em quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam ao sistema de plantio direto com cobertura viva de amendoim forrageiro, cobertura viva de planta espontânea, cobertura morta de planta espontânea e sistema de plantio em canteiro com solo descoberto. As subparcelas foram compostas pelas doses de composto orgânico de 5, 10 e 15 t ha-1 (base seca). O plantio direto na palha de plantas espontâneas teve desempenho semelhante ao preparo convencional do solo, ambos superiores ao plantio sobre as coberturas vivas. A produtividade do rabanete cv. Cometo, não foi afetada pelas doses crescentes de composto orgânico, podendo aplicar-se apenas 5 t ha-1, enquanto em preparo convencional do solo, o aumento da produtividade ultrapassa o plantio direto na palha apenas na dose maior de composto (15 t ha-1)

Recent Developments in Hirschsprung’s-Associated Enterocolitis

Hirschsprung’s-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) continues to be a significant source of morbidity for patients with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). New clinical and histologic classification systems for HAEC will improve consistency between reports and increase the ability to compare outcomes. A complete understanding of disease pathogenesis is lacking, but evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota may play a role in the development of HD and HAEC. The benefits of adjunctive therapies, such as anal dilations and botulinum toxin to reduce the incidence of HAEC following corrective endorectal pull-through, remain controversial. Finally, new clinical data have identified an association between HAEC and inflammatory bowel disease and will likely lead to further genetic studies to elucidate the connection between these two disease processes

Comparison of how ambient PM c

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is one of six criteria air pollutants currently regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with existing ambient standards for PM(2.5) and PM(10). Currently there are no health-based regulations for the size fraction between 2.5 and 10 μm, commonly known as the coarse fraction (PM(c)). The present study investigates current gaps in knowledge for PM(c) including exposure toxicity and PM ratios (PM(c):PM(2.5)) in PM(10). Throughout the world, all three PM size fractions have been shown to be associated with adverse impacts. Recent studies have shown that PM(c) can be more detrimental to susceptible populations when directly compared to PM(2.5), and that the PM(c) fraction in PM(10) can account for the majority of the inflammatory response from PM(10) exposure. In our studies we utilized a bone marrow-derived mouse macrophage in vitro system to compare the inflammatory potential of PM(c), PM(2.5), and mixtures of the two. The result was a linear increase in interleukin(IL) −1β with increasing levels of exposure to winter and summer PM(c), as compared to PM(2.5), which exhibited logarithmic growth. Also, exposure to PM(10) as a function of PM(2.5) and PM(c) mass ratios showed that IL-1β and TNF-α levels increased synergistically with a greater burden of PM(c). Endotoxin content in the PM did not correlate with these results, suggesting that other activators in PM(c) are likely responsible for activating the NF-κB pathway and the inflammasome