75 research outputs found

    Best practices for MRI systematic reviews and metaâ analyses

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    Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149543/1/jmri26198.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149543/2/jmri26198_am.pd

    Incidence and control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes in the East of the Province of La Pampa, Argentina

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    A cross-sectional survey including 350 stocking farms and bovine establishments that operate the full cycle (FC) as well as fattening operations (IN) was carried out in the East of the Province of La Pampa to record cases of verminous gastroenteritis (VGE) as well as control and management practices applied by the farmers.Farms were stratified by herd size into three categories: more than 900 (G), 900-500 (M) and 500-300 (P) bovines. Samples from each category were collected at random. 33% of the farmers surveyed indicated that their animals had been affected by clinical cases of VGE with morbidity and mortality rates between 11.2% and 0.42%, respectively. More cases of VEG (P<0.004, X2 8.33) occurred in herds on FC establishments (37%) that on fattening farms (IN) (21%); the relative risk (RR) was 1.77 (95%; IC 1.18 – 2.74) but no differences were noted between categories. Ninety-four percent of the farmers use avermectins alone (AVM) (71%) or combined with benzimidazole (BZD, 20%) or levamisole (3%); 6% use BZD alone. The percentage of use of other drugs in addition to AVM increases (P<0.005, X2 7.80) with larger herds (G: 32%, M: 21%, P: 15%). Of the treatments, 95.2% include avermectins alone in injectable form (82.6%) or combined with oral (16.5%) or intraruminal (0.9%) forms. Approximately 2.42 treatments per year are performed and are more prevalent (P<0.01) in G and IN farms (2.7 treatments). 35% of the farmers deworm twice a year, in the fall (between March and July) and in late winter-spring (between August and October-), 16% deworm only once (between February and April) and 12% twice (between late summer and early winter). 18% of the farmers (G: 24%, M: 18%; P: 13%) prevent VGE losses by administering treatment at a specific time of the year. 60% of the farmers consult the veterinarian although only 29% perform an egg count (hpg) although differences (P<0.001) between herd sizes were noted: G: 41%, M: 26%; P 19%. 12% (FC 10%; IN 16%). 12% of the farmers (FC 10%; IN 16%) perform a follow-up of parasite infections with an egg count and administer treatment based on this monitoring and the recommendation of a veterinarian. 94% of those surveyed indicated that VGE alone (55%) or in conjunction with other pathologies were a major problem and 30% said it was the main health problem. The study shows the economic importance of GIPs for the competitiveness of the systems in the region. The use of a significant quantity of anthelmintics, mainly avermectins, and a low participation of veterinarians in planning the controls were observed. A trend indicating that large farms and fattening operations assign more importance to control, use of anthelmintics and participation of professionals was noted

    PRECISE Version 2:Updated Recommendations for Reporting Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer

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    Background and objective: The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations standardise the reporting of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. An international consensus group recently updated these recommendations and identified the areas of uncertainty. Methods: A panel of 38 experts used the formal RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method consensus methodology. Panellists scored 193 statements using a 1–9 agreement scale, where 9 means full agreement. A summary of agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement (derived from the group median score) and consensus (determined using the Interpercentile Range Adjusted for Symmetry method) was calculated for each statement and presented for discussion before individual rescoring. Key findings and limitations: Participants agreed that MRI scans must meet a minimum image quality standard (median 9) or be given a score of ‘X’ for insufficient quality. The current scan should be compared with both baseline and previous scans (median 9), with the PRECISE score being the maximum from any lesion (median 8). PRECISE 3 (stable MRI) was subdivided into 3-V (visible) and 3-NonV (nonvisible) disease (median 9). Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System/Likert ≥3 lesions should be measured on T2-weighted imaging, using other sequences to aid in the identification (median 8), and whenever possible, reported pictorially (diagrams, screenshots, or contours; median 9). There was no consensus on how to measure tumour size. More research is needed to determine a significant size increase (median 9). PRECISE 5 was clarified as progression to stage ≥T3a (median 9). Conclusions and clinical implications: The updated PRECISE recommendations reflect expert consensus opinion on minimal standards and reporting criteria for prostate MRI in AS.</p
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