Evisceration

Evisceration is defined as the removal of the intraocular contents while leaving the sclera intact. It has theoretical advantages over enucleation, including better motility and less volume loss owing to leaving the extraocular muscle scleral attachments intact and not disrupting the deep orbital tissues. However, there are also potential disadvantages including a small risk of sympathetic ophthalmia due to exposure of uveal tissue to the circulation and the possible inadvertent spread of an undiagnosed intraocular neoplasm such as a small uveal melanoma. Controversies regarding this surgery include the timing and type of orbital implant placement. This chapter covers these topics as well as describes the surgical technique of evisceration

Climate change, social policy, and global governance

This paper considers the challenge to global social policy posed by global climate change. It sets side by side global social policies and global climate change policies, and surveys the governance of each. The first part summarises global social policy in recent years, distinguishing (1) the policies and practices pursued in the global arena, and (2) the structures of global governance and the role of significant global actors. The second part repeats this at a greater length for global climate change. The third part then considers the relationship between these two sets of policies/practices and governance structures, in particular the potential conflicts between the pursuit of social justice and environmental sustainability. It identifies two possible responses – compensation and co-benefits – and maps these onto current global actors, before concluding with a radical vision of eco-social policy