Prediction of Cross-Fitness for Adaptive Evolution to Different Environmental Conditions: Consequence of Phenotypic Dimensional Reduction

How adaptive evolution to one environmental stress improves or suppresses adaptation to another is an important problem in evolutionary biology. For instance, in microbiology, the evolution of bacteria to be resistant to different antibiotics is a critical issue that has been investigated as cross-resistance. In fact, recent experiments on bacteria have suggested that the cross-resistance of their evolution to various stressful environments can be predicted by the changes to their transcriptome upon application of stress. However, there are no studies so far that explain a possible theoretical relationship between cross-resistance and changes in the transcriptome, which causes high-dimensional changes to cell phenotype. Here, we show that a correlation exists between fitness change in stress tolerance evolution and response to the environment, using a cellular model with a high-dimensional phenotype and establishing the relationship theoretically. The present results allow for the prediction of evolution from transcriptome information in response to different stresses before evolution. The relevance of this to microbiological evolution experiments is discussed.Comment: 17pages, 9figure

Abstract Data Types in Event-B - An Application of Generic Instantiation

Integrating formal methods into industrial practice is a challenging task. Often, different kinds of expertise are required within the same development. On the one hand, there are domain engineers who have specific knowledge of the system under development. On the other hand, there are formal methods experts who have experience in rigorously specifying and reasoning about formal systems. Coordination between these groups is important for taking advantage of their expertise. In this paper, we describe our approach of using generic instantiation to facilitate this coordination. In particular, generic instantiation enables a separation of concerns between the different parties involved in developing formal systems.Comment: In Proceedings of DS-Event-B 2012: Workshop on the experience of and advances in developing dependable systems in Event-B, in conjunction with ICFEM 2012 - Kyoto, Japan, November 13, 201

POSTOPERATIVE VASOSPASM IN PITUITARY ADENOMA WITH PITUITARY APOPLEXY

A patient who developed complications relating to intracranial arterial vasospasm following transcranial removal of a pituitary adenoma with pituitary apoplexy is reported. A 23-year-old female was admitted because of headache. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a pituitary adenoma with suprasellar extension and pituitary apoplexy and sinusitis in the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. A transcranial approach was selected because of active sinusitis. A large, pink intra- and suprasellar neoplasm and intratumoral clot were removed smoothly. Postoperatively, the patient remained stuporous and showed right hemiplegia. Angiography demonstrated stenosis of the left internal carotid artery and severe spasm of perforating arteries from the left middle cerebral artery. Large pituitary adenoma with pituitary apoplexy requires careful perioperative management, with particular attention paid to the surgical approach and procedures

Standard and limitation of intraoperative monitoring of the visual evoked potential

Visual evoked potential (VEP) has been installed as one of the intraoperative visual function monitoring. It remains unclear, however, whether intraoperative VEP monitoring facilitates as a real time visual function monitoring with satisfactory effectiveness and sensitivity. To evaluate this, relationships between VEP waveform changes and postoperative visual function were analysed retrospectively. Intraoperative VEP monitoring was carried out for 106 sides (eyes) in 53 surgeries, including two intraorbital, 36 parasellar and 15 cortical lesions in Shinshu University Hospital under total intravenous anaesthesia. Red light flash stimulation was provided to each eye independently. VEP recording and postoperative visual function were analysed. In 103 out of 106 sides (97%), steady VEP monitoring was recorded. Stable VEP was acquired from eyes having corrected visual acuity greater than 0.4. VEP was not recorded in one side with corrected visual acuity of 0.3 and two sides in whom sevoflurane was used incidentally for anaesthesia. Transient VEP decrease was observed in three sides, but visual function was preserved. Permanent VEP decrease was seen in seven sides, which presented visual impairment postoperatively. In one side, visual acuity improved but minor visual field defect was encountered postoperatively, though VEP unchanged throughout the surgery. Intraoperative monitoring of VEP predicts postoperative visual function: reversible change in VEP means visual function to be preserved. Visual field defect without decrease in the visual acuity may not be predicted by VEP monitoring. Intraoperative VEP monitoring will be mandatory for surgeries harbouring a risk of visual impairment.ArticleACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. 152(4):643-648 (2010)journal articl

A Possibility of Magnetic Field Biasing Tunable Inductive Device Using a Hard Magnetic Film Magnetized by Pulsed-Magnetic Field

In this paper, the authors have proposed a possibility of a magnetic field biasing tunable inductive device. To confirm a new scheme, a tunable coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator with a combination of soft magnetic thin film and hard magnetic film has been fabricated and evaluated. The magnetic pole of hard magnetic film can be controlled by magnetization using a pulsed magnetic field. A bias magnetic field is applied in the soft magnetic film from the magnetic pole of the hard magnet film. Consequently, permeability of the soft magnetic film can be controlled by changing amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field in the magnetizing for the hard magnetic film. A 20 mm long coplanar wave guide resonator has been fabricated using FeSiO/SiO2 granular multilayer film and FeCoSm amorphous hard magnetic film. From the experimental results, in case of using 0.2 mu m thick soft granular film, by changing amplitude of the 1 ms width current-pulse for magnetizing pulsed magnetic field for hard magnetic film, the maximum inductance change was up to 18%, and maximum change of the resonant frequency was 9.6%. The control energy for one time tuning was small enough (5.4 mu Wh).ArticleIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 49(3):978-981 (2013)journal articl

Formation of wave-front pattern accompanied by current-driven electrostatic ion-cyclotron instabilities

Formation of a wave-front pattern accompanied by an electrostatic ion-cyclotron instability driven by electrons drifting along a magnetic field is investigated by two-and-half dimensional particle simulations. A clear spatial wave-front pattern appears as the ion cyclotron wave grows due to the instability. When the electron stream is uniform in the system, an obliquely intersected stripe wave-front pattern is formed. When the stream has a bell-shaped pattern across the magnetic field, a V-shaped stripe wave-front pattern appears. The wave fronts have small angles with the magnetic field lines and propagate from the high-stream region to the low-stream region

A Possibility of Magnetic Field Biasing Tunable Inductive Device Using a Hard Magnetic Film Magnetized by Pulsed-Magnetic Field

In this paper, the authors have proposed a possibility of a magnetic field biasing tunable inductive device. To confirm a new scheme, a tunable coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator with a combination of soft magnetic thin film and hard magnetic film has been fabricated and evaluated. The magnetic pole of hard magnetic film can be controlled by magnetization using a pulsed magnetic field. A bias magnetic field is applied in the soft magnetic film from the magnetic pole of the hard magnet film. Consequently, permeability of the soft magnetic film can be controlled by changing amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field in the magnetizing for the hard magnetic film. A 20 mm long coplanar wave guide resonator has been fabricated using FeSiO/SiO2 granular multilayer film and FeCoSm amorphous hard magnetic film. From the experimental results, in case of using 0.2 mu m thick soft granular film, by changing amplitude of the 1 ms width current-pulse for magnetizing pulsed magnetic field for hard magnetic film, the maximum inductance change was up to 18%, and maximum change of the resonant frequency was 9.6%. The control energy for one time tuning was small enough (5.4 mu Wh).ArticleIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 49(3):978-981 (2013)journal articl