Effect of temperature on some biological parameters of Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Brachonidae) on Aphis gossypii glover (Hem.: Aphididae)

Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae) is determined as the most common parasitoid species in the survey conducted to detect parasitoid species found in citrus trees and herbaceous species in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this study, it was aimed to determine some biological properties of B. angelicae on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae) which is an important pest in the citrus orchards. Totally 80±10 A. gossypii at the 2nd and/or 3rd nymphal stage were transferred with a help of brush on each cotton plants which was produced in the laboratory. Then, a couple of newly emerged parasitoids was released on A. gossypii for 24 hours. The cotton plants were kept in the same chamber the experiment were started and checked daily till end of the experiment. The development time, parasitization rate, and death ratio were determined by daily observation. The experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures (12, 17, 22, 27 and 32±1°C), 65% RH, 16 h (8-10 klux) daily artificial light in temperature cabinets. Although the mummies have been observed at 12°C, no adult was obtained, while no development was observed at 32°C. Development time of female individual from egg to adult took 34.7, 12.8 and 6.0 days at 17, 22 and 27°C, respectively. The mean longevity of female adult was determined as 6.4, 5.4 and 4.9 days, while 4.6, 4.9 and 4.4 days for male at 17, 22, and 27°C, correspondingly. The parasitization rates of B. angelicae on A. gossypii were assessed as 5.6% at 27˚C, 44.1% at 22˚C and 26.7% at 17˚C

An observational, multicenter, registry-based cohort study of Turkish Neonatal Society in neonates with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of mortality and short- and long-term morbidities. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to be the standard care for HIE of infants ≥36 weeks gestational age (GA), as it has been demonstrated to reduce the rates of mortality, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study aims to determine the incidence of HIE in our country, to assess the TH management in infants with HIE, and present short-term outcomes of these infants. METHODS: The Turkish Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Online Registry database was established for this multicenter, prospective, observational, nationally-based cohort study to evaluate the data of infants born at ≥34 weeks GA who displayed evidence of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) between March, 2020 and April 2022. RESULTS: The incidence of HIE among infants born at ≥36 weeks GA (n = 965) was 2.13 per 1000 live births (517:242440), and accounting for 1.55% (965:62062) of all neonatal intensive care unit admissions. The rates of mild, moderate and severe HİE were 25.5% (n = 246), 58.9% (n = 568), and 15.6% (n = 151), respectively. Infants with severe HIE had higher rates of abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and mortality (p0.05). TH was administered to 85 (34.5%) infants with mild HIE, and of those born of 34-35 weeks of GA, 67.4% (n = 31) received TH. A total of 58 (6%) deaths were reported with a higher mortality rate in infants born at 34-35 weeks of GA (OR 3.941, 95% Cl 1.446-10.7422, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The incidence of HIE remained similar over time with a reduction in mortality rate. The timing of TH initiation, whether [removed

Examination of the Ovarian Reserve after Generation of Unilateral Rudimentary Uterine Horns in Rats

Objective. The purpose of this experimental rat model study is to evaluate the changes in the ovarian environment after excision of the rudimentary horn. Methods. Ten female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. One cm of right uterine horn length was excised in the first operation. Two months after the first operation, all animals were sacrificed to obtain ovaries for histological examination. Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis purposes. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.005. Results. The number of primordial follicles (P=0.415), primary follicles (P=0.959), preantral follicles (P=0.645), antral follicles (P=0.328), and Graafian follicles (P=0.721) was decreased and the number of atretic follicles (P=0.374) increased in the right ovarian side. Howeve,r this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion. The results of this experimental rat model study suggest that the excision of rudimentary horn could have negative effects on ipsilateral ovarian functions

Side effect of some insecticide used in citrus orchard on aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus confusus Tremlay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

WOS: 000302335000007The side effects of the most common used insecticides in citrus orchards such as spirotetramat, pyriproxyfen, spinosad, chlorpyrifos-ethyl 480, paraffinic mineral oil and mineral oil on pupa and adult stages of Lysiphlebus confusus Tremlay and Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) and L. testaceipes (Cresson) were evaluated under guidelines of IOBC/WPRS. Contact toxicity on adult parasitoids and dipping method for pupal stage of parasitoids were used to evaluate potential adverse effects of insecticides on the survival and the reproductive capacity of the parasitoid. According to result of these study, chlorpyrifos-ethyl 480, paraffinic mineral oil and mineral oil are harmful and moderately harmful on pupa and adult stages of all three species according to IOBS classification. Spinosad is harmless on pupa stages, harmful and moderately harmful on adult stages of three species. Effect of spirotetramat and pyriproxyfen are lesser than other insecticides and harmless on pupa, harmless and slightly harmless on adult of three species. While the parasitoids exposed to Chlorpyrifos-ethyl 480, paraffinic mineral oil and mineral oil at pupa stages didn't laid eggs, the parasitoids exposed to spirotetramat, pyriproxyfen, spinosad laid eggs as control groups.. Adult parasitoids subjected to spirotetramat and pyriproxyfen laid eggs as control groups

Development of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on different hosts and temperatures

WOS: 000433021100005In this study, the development time, mortality, parasitization rate and sex ratio of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 and Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were determined. The experiments were carried out at three different, temperatures (17, 22 and 27 +/- 1 degrees C) for each aphid species, 60 +/- 10% RH and 16: 8 h L:D photoperiod. The development thresholds and thermal constants for the parasitoid were also determined for the three aphid species. The parasitization rate of L. testaceipes was 25.0, 53.4 and 20.5% (for 17, 22 and 27 degrees C, respectively) for A. craccivora; 62.7, 71.1 and 37.1% for A. fabae; and 54.2, 70.7 and 20.0% for A. gossypii. The development time of L. testaceipes was 18.5, 10.9 and 7.9 d in A. craccivora, 17.6, 10.2 and 7.4 d in A. fabae, and 19.8, 12.6 and 9.3 d in A. gossypii at 17, 22 and 27 +/- 1 degrees C. The development thresholds and thermal constants for L. testaceipes in A. craccivora, A. fabae and A. gossypii were 9.42, 9.69 and 8.12 degrees C, and 136.99, 128.05 and 175.44 degree days, respectively. Based on the overall results, A. fabae is an excellent potential host for the mass rearing of L. testaceipes at 20-22 degrees C.Cukurova University Research FoundationCukurova University [ZF-2009-BAP30]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK/TOVAG-105-O-581]This study was supported by principally by the Cukurova University Research Foundation (ZF-2009-BAP30) and partly by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK/TOVAG-105-O-581). An abstract of this study was published in the 5th Plant Protection Congress of Turkey (3-5 February 2014, Antalya, Turkey). The authors thank Gregory T. Sullivan of the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia for both comments and editing of the English in an earlier version of this manuscript

Effect of temperature on some biological parameters of Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Brachonidae) on Aphis gossypii glover (Hem.: Aphididae)

Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi turunçgil alanlarındaki turunçgil ağaçları ve otsu bitkiler üzerindeki yaprakbiti türlerinde bulunan parazitoit türlerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılan sörveyde Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae)’nın en sık rastlanılan parazitoit türü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada turunçgil bahçelerinde de önemli bir zararlı olan Pamuk yaprakbiti Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae) üzerinde B. angelicae’nın bazı biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Laborutuvarda üretilen pamuk bitkileri üzerine bir fırça yardımı ile 80±10 adet 2. ve/veya 3. A. gossypii nimf dönemi aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra A. gossypii üzerine 24 saat süre ile yeni çıkmış bir çift parazitoit salınmıştır. Üzerinde A. gossypii bulanan pamuk bitkileri ise denemenin kurulduğu sıcaklıkta bırakılıp günlük olarak kontrol edilmiştir. Bu gözlemler sonucu parazitoitin gelişme süresi, parazitleme ve ölüm oranı belirlenmiştir. Denemeler 12, 17, 22, 27 ve 32±1°C olmak üzere beş farklı sıcaklıkta kurulmuştur. Çalışma %65±10 nem ve 8-10 kilolüks (klx) ışık şiddetinin olduğu günlük 16 saat aydınlatmalı iklim dolaplarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucunda 12?C de mumya oluşmasına rağmen ergin B. angelicae bireyi elde edilememiştir. Çalışılan en yüksek sıcaklık olan 32?C de ise her hangi bir gelişme olmamıştır. B. angelicae dişisinin yumurtadan ergin oluncaya kadar geçen süre 17, 22 ve 27?C de sırasıyla 34.7, 12.8 ve 6.0 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Bir dişi parazitoitin ömrü 17, 22 ve 27?C de sırasıyla ortalama 6.4, 5.4 ve 4.9 gün, erkek bireylerin ise sırasıyla 4.6, 4.9 ve 4.4 gün sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. B. angelicae’nın A. gossypii’yi parazitlenme oranı 22?C de %44.1, 17?C de %26.7 ve 27 ?C de ise %5.6 olarak tespit edilmiştir.Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae) is determined as the most common parasitoid species in the survey conducted to detect parasitoid species found in citrus trees and herbaceous species in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this study, it was aimed to determine some biological properties of B. angelicae on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae) which is an important pest in the citrus orchards. Totally 80±10 A. gossypii at the 2nd and/or 3rd nymphal stage were transferred with a help of brush on each cotton plants which was produced in the laboratory. Then, a couple of newly emerged parasitoids was released on A. gossypii for 24 hours. The cotton plants were kept in the same chamber the experiment were started and checked daily till end of the experiment. The development time, parasitization rate, and death ratio were determined by daily observation. The experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures (12, 17, 22, 27 and 32±1°C), 65% RH, 16 h (8-10 klux) daily artificial light in temperature cabinets. Although the mummies have been observed at 12°C, no adult was obtained, while no development was observed at 32°C. Development time of female individual from egg to adult took 34.7, 12.8 and 6.0 days at 17, 22 and 27°C, respectively. The mean longevity of female adult was determined as 6.4, 5.4 and 4.9 days, while 4.6, 4.9 and 4.4 days for male at 17, 22, and 27°C, correspondingly. The parasitization rates of B. angelicae on A. gossypii were assessed as 5.6% at 27?C, 44.1% at 22?C and 26.7% at 17?C

Effects of interplanted weeds in citrus orchards on citrus aphid populations

Doğal düşmanların korunması, başarılı biyolojik mücadele programının ana unsurlarından birisidir. Predatörler, parazitoitler ve bunların avlarını ve konukçularını barındıran bitki örtüsü insan faaliyetleri tarafından tahrip edilebilir. Bu nedenle, turunçgil ekosisteminin florası, yararlı böceklerin yanı sıra bu böceklerin üzerinde yaşıyacağı bitki türlerini de göz önünde bulundurarak yönetilmelidir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacı, turunçgil ağaçlarındaki yaprakbiti popülasyonunu baskı altına almak için doğal düşmanlara kışlak sağlanarak bunların etkinliklerini arttırmaktır. Çalışma, Kasım 2006-Mayıs 2007 ve Kasım 2007-Mayıs 2008 tarihlerinde iki farklı 10 dekarlık genç turunçgilbahçesinde (Alata-Mersin ve Kayarlı-Adana) yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, denemeler 6 farklı yem veya baklagil bitkisi ve bir kontrol parseli olmak üzere 7 parselde gerçekleştirilmiştir.Ekilen bitki türleri, bakla, bakla + fiğ, bakla + fiğ + tritikale, tritikale + fiğ, tritikale + yonca ve tritikale + üçgül'dür.Denemeler, dört tekrarlı tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak kurulmuştur. Ekilen bitki çeşitlerine ait tohumların çimlenmesinden sonra yaprak bitleri ve yararlı böcekleri saymak için bahçeler her hafta kontrol edilmiştir.Turunçgilde Aphis craccivora, Aphis spiraecola ve Aphis gossypii çok sık görülen yaprakbiti türleri olmasına rağmen, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae ve buğday yaprak bitleri, farklı yem bitkileri veya baklagiller bitkilerinde yaygın yaprakbiti türleri olarak tespit edilmiştir.Aphis craccivora, Erdemli-Mersin bölgesindeki turunçgil ağaçları için yaygın bir yaprakbiti olmamasına rağmen, deneme bahçesindeki en yüksek popülasyonu oluşturan yaprakbiti türü olmuştur.Coccinella septempunctata, baklagiller ve tritikale ait bitkiler üzerinde yaygın bir predatör türü iken, Scymnus spp. turunçgil üzerinde çok sık rastlanan türlerden olmuşturThe conservation of natural enemies is one of the main steps in a successful biological control program. Weed flora that harbors predators, parasitoids and also their prey and hosts can be destroyed by human activities. Therefore, the flora of the citrus ecosystem should be managed in a way that supports not only beneficial insects but also the unwanted weed species. In this respect, the aim of this study was to provide winter harbors and prey sources for entomophagous insects in order to control aphid populations on citrus trees. The study was carried out in two young, 1 ha citrus orchards in Alata-Mersin and Kayarlı-Adana between November 2006 and May 2007, and November 2007 and May 2008. The experiment was performed on 6 different grasses and leguminous plants and unplanted control plots. The seeded plant varieties were broad bean, broad bean+common vetch, broad bean+common vetch+triticale, triticale+common vetch, triticale+clover and triticale+trifolium. The experiment was established in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental plots were visited weekly to count aphids and beneficial insects following germination. Although Aphis craccivora, Aphis spiraecola and Aphis gossypii were the most commonly seen aphid species on citrus, Aphis craacivora, Aphis fabae and wheat aphids were the most abundant species on different grass or leguminous plants. Though Aphis craccivora was not a common aphid species on citrus trees in Erdemli-Mersin region, due to its high population in the experimental plots made it the most important aphid species on the citrus trees. Aphis craccivora was the most common aphid species on the citrus trees in both orchards. Coccinella septempunctata was a common predator on leguminous and triticale plants, while Scymnus sp. was one of the most abundant predator on citrus trees in both location

Bioecological characteristics of Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under constant and alternating temperatures

Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) dünyanın subtropikal ve tropikal bölgelerinde bulunan başta turunçgil olmak üzere pek çok bahçe ve süs bitkileri üzerindeki ana zararlılardan birisidir. P. citri'nin gelişme süresi ve üremesi üzerinde sıcaklığın etkisi zararlının popülasyon seviyesini ekonomik zarar eşiğinin altına düşürmek için uygulanacak bir biyolojik veya kimyasal mücadele programı için kritik bir role sahiptir. Çukurova Üniversitesi Turunçgil Zararlıları Laboratuvarı'nda 2015-2016 yılları arasında, P. citri'nin toplam gelişme süresi, cinsiyet oranı, günlük ve toplam yavru sayıları ve ergin ömrü gibi bazı biyoekolojik özellikleri farklı sıcaklıklar altında çalışılmıştır. En kısa yumurta gelişme süresi sırasıyla dişi ve erkekler için 2.7 ve 2.7 gün olarak 25/30°C'de (12:12 h) tespit edilmiştir. Birinci dönem nimflerin gelişme süresi ise 25°C'de dişiler için 7.9 gün sürerken erkekler için ise 8.1 gün olmuştur. En uzun ikinci nimf dönemi gelişme süresi ise 15°C'de dişiler için 25.7, erkekler için ise 22.5 gün olarak hesap edilmiştir. Ergin olma öncesi son gelişme dönemi olarak dişilerin üçüncü dönem nimfler gelişimini 25°C'de 7.0 günde tamamlarken, erkek bireylerin pupa dönemleri ise 7.8 gün sürmüştür. Dişi ve erkek bireylerin gelişme eşikleri ise sırasıyla 8.5 ve 9.5°C olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yumurtadan ergin olması için gerekli sıcaklıklar toplamı olan thermal konstant ise ise dişiler için 666.67, erkekler için ise 500.00 gün-derecedir. Turunçgil unlubitinin optimum gelişme sıcaklığı ise 25/30°C olarak belirlenmiştir.Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is one of the major pest of citrus and many other orchards crops, and ornamental plants in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. The influence of temperature on P. citri development and fecundity has a critical role in integrated pest management strategies to reduce the population to below the economic threshold by biological or chemical control methods. The study investigated some bioecological characteristics, such as, development time, duration of biological stages, sex ratio, daily and total fecundity per female, and longevity of P. citri, under different temperature regimesduring 2015-2016 in Citrus Pest Laboratory at Çukurova University. The shortest egg stage development for females and males were determined as 2.7 and 2.7 d with alternating temperatures of 25/30°C (12:12 h), respectively. The first nymph stage lasted 7.86 d for females, and 8.1 d for males at 25°C. The longest duration for the second nymph stage was obtained at 15°C with 25.7 and 22.5 d for females and males, respectively. The third nymph stage for P. citri females completed in 7.0 d at 25°C, and the pupal stage for P. citri males lasted 7.8 d at 25°C. The development thresholds of females and males were calculated as 8.5 and 9.5°C, respectively. Also, thermal constants of females and males were 666.67 and 500.00 degree-days. The optimum development temperature was determined as 25/30°C

Ultrastructural changes in rat liver treated with pralidoxime following acute organophosphate poisoning

PubMedID: 15592660We investigated the ultrustructural effects of methamidophos and the positive effects of 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) on the liver. Male Wistar-albino rats were assigned to 4 groups and all were treated per os: Group 1 (n=10) received 30 mg/kg methamidophos; Group 2 (n=7) (serving as controls for Group 1) received physiologic NaCl; Group 3 (n=10) received 30 mg/kg methamidophos and was treated with 2-PAM and atropine when cholinergic symptoms were noted; and Group 4 (n=7) (serving as controls for Group 3) was treated with physiologic NaCl. Plasma cholinesterase was measured using radioimmunoassay. Liver tissues were prepared for electron microscopic studies. Methamidophos treatment of Group 1 led to serious changes in hepatocytes and organelles. These changes were not detected in Group 3. In Group 1, the chromatin content of some hepatocyte nuclei and cytoplasmic density increased; these cells also became vacuolar in appearance as a result of lysis in the mitochondrial matrices. In some cells, the lipid content constituted the majority of the cytoplasm. Furthermore, these cells were surrounded by glycogen accumulation. In some areas of the perisinusoidal zone, collagen fibers had increased to form bands. None of these changes were noted in Group 3. These findings suggest that acute organophosphate poisoning causes serious histopathological effects in rat liver, but that these changes are reversible with appropriate treatment strategies. © The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine