Global stability of an age-structured infection model in vivo with two compartments and two routes

In this paper, for an infection age model with two routes, virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell, and with two compartments, we show that the basic reproduction ratio R-0 gives the threshold of the stability. If R-0 > 1, the interior equilibrium is unique and globally stable, and if R-0 <= 1, the disease free equilibrium is globally stable. Some stability results are obtained in previous research, but, for example, a complete proof of the global stability of the disease equilibrium was not shown. We give the proof for all the cases, and show that we can use a type reproduction number for this model

Excavation of Tani Pottery Kiln Site in Angkor Area : Report on the 4th excavation of pottery kiln sites (march 1999)

金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学

Angkor Monuments, Tani Kiln Excavation Survey Results and Environmental Improvement Policies

金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学

Effects of Abrupt Feed Change on the Rumen Contents

飼料の急変にもとずく飼養条件の変化が,反芻家畜第1胃内に生息する微生物および胃内水溶液の成分組成に及ぼす影響について検討した. 1. プロトゾア数は,同一飼料給与下では一定値を示す傾向があり,配合飼料給与時で160～180万/ml,Haycubeおよび稲わら給与時で50～60万/ml,配合飼料・Haycube混合給与時で220～240万/mlであった.飼料を切り変えることによリプロトゾアは急激し,切り変え後3～5日目に最低値を示し,以後は漸次増加して約1ケ月でその飼料の示す固有数となった. 2. 胃内水溶液中の炭水化物,窒素,VFAおよびリボフラビン含量は,飼料成分の相差および飼料の切り変えにもとづく飼養条件の変化に対して,大きな影響は受けず,比較的一定値を示し,炭水化物220～320μg/ml,窒素900～1400μg/ml,VFA50～100μmoles/mlそしてリボフラビン0.4～0.6μg/mlであった.The study, on which four series of abrupt feed change [I. Formula feed→Haycube (alfalfa), II. Haycube→Formula feed, III. Formula feed→Rice straw, and IV. Rice straw→Formula feed+ Haycube(1:1)] was done in order to investigate the role of protozoan microorganisms in the nutrition and the physiology of the sheep rumen. The number of protozoa in the rumen decreased in each case of abrupt feed change and showed a minimum within 3-5 days. Later the protozoan number increased gradually and attained the typical value of the particular feed in 30-35 days. The chemical composition in the rumen liquid withdrawn 16 hours after feed supply was comparatively constant despite the large difference of feed composition and abrupt change of the feed throughout the experiment. The values of carbohydrate, nitrogen, VFA and riboflavin were 220-320 µg, 900-1400 µg, 50-100 µmoles and 0.4-0.6 µg per millilter of the rumen liquid respectively

Effects of Starvation on Rumen Liquid and Amino Acids of Blood Serum in Sheep

めん羊2頭を8日間絶食させ，絶食が第1胃内容液および血中遊離アミノ酸に及ぼす影響を検討した. 1. 絶食により胃内容液諸成分はVFA，アンモニア，全窒素および全糖とも経時的に減少した.胃内pHは絶食により上昇し，8日後にはpH8.0に近ずいた. 2. 遊離アミノ酸総量は，血液中では8日間の絶食によっても減少しなかったが，胃内上澄液では絶食4日後にすでに絶食前値の1/10以下となった.血中遊離アミノ酸組成は，絶食により，リジン，グリシンが増加し，グルタミン酸，アラニンが減少した.胃内上澄液では，グルタミン酸，バリン，ロイシンの割合が増加し，リジン，アスパラギン酸，アラニンの割合が減少した. 3. 不可欠アミノ酸の可欠アミノ酸に対する比(E:N Ratio)は絶食により血液で0.87から1.15へと増加したが，胃内上澄液では0.71から0.75となり，有意な変化は認められなかった.The study，in which two sheep were put on fast for eight days was carried out in order to investigate the effects of starvation on rumen liquid and amino acids of the blood serum. 1) The constituents of rumen liquid-VFA，ammonia，total nitrogen and total sugar contents，all decreased rapidly as the starvation intensified. The pH value of the rumen liquid went up approximately to 8.0 on the eighth day of the fasting. 2) The level of total free amino acids of blood serum didn't vary significantly throughout the starvation. That of rumen liquid，on the other hand， decreased rapidly and resulted in a tenth of the value of pre-experimental period on the fourth day of the fasting. The ratio of lysine and glycine increased but that of glutamic acid and alanine decreased in the blood serum as the effect of the starvation, while the ratio of glutamic acid, valine and isoleucine increased and that of lysine, aspartic acid and alanine decreased in rumen liquid. 3) As the result of the eight-day fasting the essential to non-essential amino acid ratio increased from 0.87 to 1.15 in the blood serum. However, no significant change of the ratio was observed in rumen liquid

Fundamental studies on the digestion in the domestic fowl IV : Effects of the grit on the digestibility of feed

　人工肛門を設着した白色レグホン種成雄3羽について， X線観察lこより，筋胃内に全く砂礫を容しないことを確認した上で，粉餌および粒・粉餌混合飼料を給与し，消化試験を行なうとともに砂礫を自由に摂食せしめた後同様に消化試験を行ない，砂礫給与前後の消化率を比較検討し，砂礫が消化に及ぼす影響を調べた. 　その結果は次の通りである. 1)粒・粉餌混合飼料の消化本は各成分ともに砂礫給与により向上し，特に組繊維の消化率は著しく高率となった. 2)粉餌では砂礫給与により，粗繊維の消化は向上し，他の成分についても消化率は全般的に増加する傾向が認められた. 3)砂礫が消化lこ及ぼす影響は粉餌および粒・粉餌混介飼料ともに粗繊維が最も大きいことが確認された.Experiments on the effects of grit feeding upon the digestibility were performed on three adult male White Leghorn adapted with artificial ani. They were fed on two types of diet: all-mash and mashgrain rations. The hens had not been allowed access to grit for about 6 months before the experiments, it was ascertained by means of X rays, that the gizzard contained no grit at all. 1) When mash-grain rations were given after feeding grit, the improvement of the digestibility of all constituents was evident. 2) when all-mash rations were given, the effect of feeding grit was, in general, slight. 3) The influence of grit on the digestion trials of all constituents showed most noticeably in crude fiber

Tani Kiln Complex, The Angkor Monuments : Report of the Third Investigation of Kiln B1 (1-13 September, 1998)

金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学