reflexões a partir da coleção de maquetas do IHMT

O museu do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT) possui algumas maquetas de estruturas sanitárias, destinadas às populações indígenas, construídas em Moçambique na primeira metade do século XX em núcleos urbanos de pequena dimensão. Essas estruturas foram concebidas como parte de uma rede de assistência sanitária formulada pelo médico Francisco Ferreira dos Santos no início da década de 1920, que deveria cobrir a totalidade do território da província. A similitude entre várias dessas estruturas confirma a adoção dos mesmos princípios de organização bem como de projetos tipo para muitas das suas construções. Porém, a coexistência de modos distintos de assegurar a hospitalização da população, ora em palhotas, ora em pavilhões enfermaria, como se observa ao se confrontar a maqueta da Formação Sanitária de Maputo com a maqueta do Hospital do Bilene, suscita uma reflexão acerca do modo como era avaliada a aculturação da população à qual essas estruturas eram destinadas. Sob o cuidado perante a aculturação que parece orientar a opção por cada um desses modos de hospitalização, importa, contudo, observar a convicção do Estado na oportunidade da imposição do seu poder enquanto entidade colonizadora. Às opções sanitárias e arquitetónicas presentes nestas estruturas subjazem, afinal, opções políticas. The museum of the Portuguese Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine houses some scale models of medical facilities built in Mozambique in the first half of the 20th century in small villages to serve the indigenous population. Those facilities were intended as part of a network of medical assistance designed by the physician Francisco Ferreira dos Santos in the early 1920s that should cover the whole province. The similarity found between some of those facilities confirms the adoption of a common set of organization principles. However, the coexistence of different ways of hospitalizing the population, either in huts, or in wards, that can be confirmed by confronting the scale model representing the Medical Facility of Maputo with the one representing the Hospital of Bilene, raises the need of a reflection on how the acculturation of the population to which those facilities were meant to was accessed. Under the attention paid to the acculturation that seems to guide the option for each one of those ways of hospitalization, one must find the State’s conviction on the rightfulness of the imposition of its power as a colonizing nation. The medical and the architectural options that mark those facilities are eventually underpinned by political ones.publishersversionpublishe

a história e o património. Memórias da doença através da História em exposição no Museu do IHMT

A tuberculose está presente na vida humana desde os primeiros tempos da História da Humanidade e é ainda causa de elevada mortalidade no mundo, tendo sido investigada em instituições de saúde como o Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical com o objetivo do seu controlo e erradicação. A história da ciência e a investigação desenvolvida sobre as campanhas de combate à tuberculose deixaram testemunhos e vestígios patrimoniais que se constituíram em coleções museológicas, agora apresentadas ao público através de uma exposição que procurou retratar a tuberculose através da arquitetura, da literatura, da arte e outros legados patrimoniais da saúde, no dia em que se assinalou o dia Mundial da Tuberculose no IHMT - 2017. Tuberculosis is a constant presence in human life since the earliest times of the mankind history and is still the cause of high mortality in the world, which has been investigated in health institutions such as the Ins-titute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to its control and eradication. The history of science and the investigation about the campaigns for the combat of tuberculosis provided testimonies and heritages currently organized in museum collections and now presented to public in an exhibition to commemorate the International Tuberculosis Day at IHMT – 2017 where the history of the tuberculosis was represented through architecture, literature, art and other patrimonial health legacy.publishersversionpublishe

Welfare of rainbow trout at slaughter: integrating behavioural, physiological, proteomic and quality indicators and testing a novel fast-chill stunning method

A critical point in the life of a captive fish is the final stages of production, not only in welfare terms but also due to effects on meat quality, carcass appearance and derived economic impacts. The most common method to slaughter fish is by asphyxia either in ice-water or in the open air. In humane slaughter procedures, however, a stunning method needs to be implemented to render the fish immediately unconscious (within one second) until death. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and welfare effects of four types of stunning methods in rainbow trout (O. mykiss): cold shock by fast-chilling as a novel method, where the fish were immersed in liquid water at −8 °C, asphyxia (as the currently used method), electrical stunning, and anaesthesia with MS-222. We used a total of 176 trout (mean weight 524 ± 138 g), combining behavioural (individual swimming activity, equilibrium, opercular movement and eye-roll), physiological (heart rate and electrocardiogram amplitude) and circulating (plasma cortisol and osmolality) indicators with brain proteomic signatures. We also analysed the effects on fillet shelf-life and quality in each method (rigor mortis, water content, fillet colour, pH and ATP degradation). Anaesthesia effectively induced unconsciousness, with regular and strong heartbeat and low cortisol. Quality indicators were the best among all the methods assessed. Electric shock was found to be an effective and irreversible method for inducing unconsciousness, with strong heartbeat and large variation in cortisol response and quality indicators similar to anaesthesia. On the contrary, asphyxia presented indicators of poor welfare (e.g., long-lasting consciousness throughout the slaughter process, high cortisol levels), with very low flesh quality parameters. Fast-chilling also resulted in extreme signs of stress (intense mucus release, haemorrhage and no loss of consciousness), low ATP content and the worst proteomic signatures, along with an early onset and resolution of rigor mortis (6 and 48 h, respectively). Our results reinforce the idea that electric stunning is a promising humane method to stun farmed trout. In contrast, the fast-chilling method showed very poor results both in welfare and in quality, indicating that it is not a viable humane alternative to asphyxia. Moreover, the proteome analysis provided valuable insights into the brain mechanisms of rainbow trout at slaughter, offering potential fine-scale biomarkers of welfare.Provincia Autonoma di Trento; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Reducing heterotic M-theory to five dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary

This paper constructs the reduction of heterotic $M$-theory in eleven dimensions to a supergravity model on a manifold with boundary in five dimensions using a Calabi-Yau three-fold. New results are presented for the boundary terms in the action and for the boundary conditions on the bulk fields. Some general features of dualisation on a manifold with boundary are used to explain the origin of some topological terms in the action. The effect of gaugino condensation on the fermion boundary conditions leads to a `twist' in the chirality of the gravitino which can provide an uplifting mechanism in the vacuum energy to cancel the cosmological constant after moduli stabilisation.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe