Pre-hypertension independent deleterious effects in Body system

AbstractThere is clear indication that prehypertension is the state of  persistent blood pressure of being (120-139 mmHg/80-89 mmHg)  or named  pseudohypertensionis  is a significant marker that certainly progresses to develop incident hypertension >140-159/ 80-89  that causes cardiovascular risk. Therefore it became  essential to prevent this progression  so that incident hypertension be precluded but it is brainy if we research on the independent harmful effects of this pre-hypertension on the body system and  therefore be aware of  possible  interventional impingement salvage  effectively to the body system in the absence of cardiovascular or other secondary disease.This miniri reveiw will focus independent deleterious effect of prehypertension in the body system architectural and functioning, in the absence of co-morbid state.key words.: Prehypertension,Cardiovascucar risk ,Indepedent effect. Â

Prediabetes - Introductory Concept

Physiological range  Upper and Lower limit value are the reference to consider normal in any state of medical parameter. To address Blood glucose or Blood pressure value reaching upper limits of normal so called high normal or border line a new term is introduced called as pre-disease, the concept of pre-disease is relatively new like addressing prediabetes or prehypertension which do pose health risk and might be a sign of warning that a patient is progressing towards overt hypertension or diabetes. This short paper focus on the concept of prediabetes and its definition along with its historical perspective.Key word; Prediabetes  Â

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF PREDIABETES

The presence of prediabetes risk is independently associated with expanded waist circumference or obesity, or investigated laboratory value of low high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, high triglycerides (dyslipidemia), or measured persistently raised blood pressure (hypertension) and other miscellaneous factors such as eating and drinking habit. Association is stronger in male as compared to female, but abdominal obesity has stringent hold in both sexes to cause prediabetes. Recommendation has to be made on the basis of relative association to prevent or delay the onset of prediabetes to overt Type 2 diabetes; therefore, modifiable factors' recognition and applicatory improvement for the same are necessary. This review attempts to recognize in short of applicable relevant modifiable risk factors of prediabetes

Effect of phototherapy on serum bilirubin and ionzed magnesium level in hyper- bilirubinemic neonates.

Background: Jaundice is a main problem in early neonatal period, it is suggested that there is a positive correlation between plasma ionized Mg levels and severity of hyperbilirubinemia in newborn. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of phototherapy on serum magnesium and biirubin level and explore the association evaluate it and interpret it's clinical significance in the cases of neonatal jaundice. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 60 neonates in neonatology unit, Pediatrics Department, All of them suffering from neonatal jaundice > 6 - 20 mg/dl serum bilirubin level. Blood samples for determination of plasma Mg (total and ionized) and serum bilirubin levels were obtained from infants in 4 days, 6 days and 10 days and statistical analysis was conducted.Results: There was statistically significant difference in relation to ionized magnesium level before phototherapy Mean± SD(0.57±0.03mg/dl) and group after phototherapy Mean± SD 0.54±0.02 , P<0.05) correspondingly bilirubin level before phototherapy Mean± SD (13.9±3 mg/dl)  and after phototherapy (9±3.4 mg/dl, P<0.05). Conclusion:  From this prospective study, it is concluded that, Phototherapy decrease serum Mg level as it decreases serum bilirubin level and therefore there is a positive relation between serum bilirubin and serum Mg levels and rising of magnesium during hypebilirubinemic may be a physiological compensatory mechanism that counter toxic effect of bilirubin.Key words: bilirubin,phototherapy,Ionized Magnesium level

Glycemic control in smokers and risk of type 2 diabetes

Chronic cigarette smoking seems to markedly aggravate insulin resistance that could be due to the increase in counter-regulatory hormones such as GH, cortisol and catecholamine's that elevates blood glucose, Weight gain usually follows the cessation of smoking and increasingly, fear of weight gain discourages many smokers from attempting to quit Yet, weight gain after quitting smoking has proved so unresponsive  to preventive attempt  as to suggest that weight control  might even be incompatible with successful smoking cessation . Innovative treatments that can prevent or minimize weight gain are badly needed to encourage quitting smoking. However recently featured review and research on smoking and diabetes concluded the evidence that smoking is associated with the preparation for development of type 2 diabetes in men and women Therefore, this review focuses in the possible features of smoking cessation on the glycemic control and risk of type 2 diabetes.key words: Hyperglycemia,Smokers, types 2 diabete

Anger;it's impact on human body

Anger is one of our most powerful and vital emotions with behavioural manifestation. It is described as an intense feeling in response to frustration , hurt, disappointment, or threatening.The benefits of anger include overcoming fears and building confidence to counter dangerous phenomenon  or threats which leads to the fight or flight response while the disadvantages of anger consist of excess anger serving as a numbing agent emotionally, physically and cognitively.Physiologically, emotions is considered to commence  from  brain nucleus named as  amygdale , part of brain   responsible for identifying threats to our well-being, and  relaying out an alarm when threats are identified that result in taking steps to protect ourselves. It is important to recognize the physiological effects of anger especially with all the damage this emotion might produce to our body system.This review article examines the physiology, causes of anger and impact of anger on the body

CORONA VIRUS DISEASE-19 PANDEMIC - THERAPEUTICS AND NOVEL DEVELOPMENT

Every individual must follow the slogan of front line worker as “we stay at work for you, you stay at home,” This means to protect the healthcare worker who are working in the frontline to save life of the corona virus disease (COVID)-19 patient of the different phases, other should stay home safe and secured; however, if we could not protect them than the matter will be serious to everyone to control the situation of this pandemic and many life can be lost. Thus, it is suggested to the young asymptmatic people to remain quarantine and isolated until the incubation period be over, it could be as long as 41 days or as short as 6 days but average time necessary is 14 days. There are no drugs or other therapeutics presently working to knock out COVID-19 pandemic. However, drugs employed in the treatment of hospitalized patient are on the basis of previous exposure of congruent strain of virus; in addition, supportive care management such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation procedure is highly being used to the critical patient. This review highlights step to step treatment plan, employed therapeutics, mechanism, efficacy, and new development of the clinical trial results if any

CORONAVIRUS DISEASE - 19 – A SERIOUS THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH

The year 2020 is a public health emergency period declared globally by the WHO when on March 11, 2020, the deadly novel coronavirus-2019 causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) extended its stride in almost 150 countries commenced from Wuhan wet market, China led to declare globally as pandemic disease. Till date, more than 3 million are worldwide infected and the number is still in progression and nearly 200,000 people have succumbed, nearly 50,000 people only in United State died of this virus. Hence, this virus has brought global disaster. Therefore, this review is attempting to present a picture on coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis, treatment, on the basis of available literature after search from the renowned database, especially focusing on public health impact. Treatment strategy is most essential part to focus for public health management and to save more life from this pandemic. As of date, there are no specific drugs for its treatment only repurpose drugs are employed for the hospitalized patient in present scenario, for example, Remdesivir made for Ebola is being use now in Covid-19 which inhibit replicase enzyme and reduced viral load, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine an antimalarial drugs which prevent binding of S1 domain of Spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2 with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptor and prevent fusion by S2 subunit thus overall prevent entering into the human susceptible cells along with it increases endosomal unstability by increasing pH. In addition, supportive care management such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation procedure is highly supportive to the critical patient. There infected more than 10 million people with more than 0.5 million death, the observation of July 7, 2020

Analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation in normotensive obese and eutrophic adults of Nepal

Background: Obese people have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, though unknown mechanism, supposed to be due to autonomic dysfunction which is still in controversy. This study aimed to assess and compare heart rate variability (HRV) between normotensive obese and adults.Methods: The study was conducted on 30 normotensive obese adults (mean age 32.07±7.25 years) with BMI>30 and 29 age- and sex-matched normal weight controls (mean age 30.48±8.01 years) with BMI: 18-24 Kg/m2. Short-term HRV variables were assessed using standard protocol. The data were compared between the groups using Mann Whitney ‘U’ test.Results: In obese group, there was significant increase in the mean heart rate [79.17±8.80 Vs 71.48±8.41 beats/min, p=0.001], systolic blood pressure [121.20±9.89 Vs 113.24±11.07, mmHg, p=0.004] and diastolic blood pressure [84.97±7.87 Vs 74.83±10.31 mmHg, p=0.000]. The HRV parasympathetic indicators were less [RMSSD {28.75(16.72-38.35) Vs 41.55(30.6-56.75) ms, p=0.018}, NN50 {15.5(2-39) Vs 83.5(32.75-116.25), p=0.010}], and sympathetic indicator LF/HF ratio [1.2(0.65-2.20) Vs 0.79(0.5-1.02), p=0.004] was more in obese group.Conclusions: Obese persons have increased sympathetic activity with a reduction in parasympathetic (vagal) tone indicating poor autonomic cardiac rhythm control. Moreover, the altered autonomic activity could be the reason for increased mean heart rate and blood pressures in normotensive obese persons

A case report of Vit.B12 deficiency neuropathy

Fortified  supplement or foods is must essential requirement for strict vegetarian or in vegan diet as it is exclusive component of animal based food, potential neurohematological symptoms generally with anaemia but could be the one without anaemia in some rare case. This case report visualise the common strict vegeterian neurological related  complain   after long duration of stand-up vegetarian due to cultural reason. Key words: Vit.B12. Neuropathy, Anaemi