Glycemic response of poultries in different feeding systems

The management of poultry feed is an important welfare promoter and the glycemic index a noninvasive evaluation. The aim was to evaluate the glycemic response of broiler breeders in restricted feeding system, and broilers receiving ad libitum feeding. Two experiments were carried out: I) 39-week-oldbroiler breeders, fed with three sources of fiber, in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme (3 fiber diets x 7 collection periods); and II) broilers, 42 days old, housed in different light systems, in a completely randomized design in factorial design (2 sexes x 2 lighting conditions x 13 collection periods). Blood glucose levels were measured at random collecting one blood drop from foot, with three replicates in each condition and treatment. In broiler breeder different fiber sources had no effect on glycemia, but the period affected circulating glucose levels, presenting a minimum of 184.3 mg dL -1 before feed and, a maximum of 242.5 mg dL -1 four hours after feeding. In broilers, there was a significant effect in glycemia for collection period and for sex, and interaction between lighting conditions and collection period. Further studies are needed to establish reference values to compare blood glucose levels in poultry.41

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation In Dysphonic Women

Background: Studies indicate correlation between dysphonia and muscle tension. Aim: To evaluate bilaterally the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles (SH), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and trapezius (T), the presence of pain and the voice, after applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Method: Ten (10) women with nodules or bilateral mucus thickening, and phonation fissure. Volunteers were submitted to 10 TENS sessions (200μs and 10Hz) for 30 minutes. Pain was evaluated using an analogical visual scale; the voice was evaluated through laryngoscopy and through a perceptive-auditory and acoustic analysis; and the myoelectric signal was converted using the Root Media Square (RMS). Voice and EMG data gathering was performed during the production of the E/vowel and during spontaneous speech (SS). Statistical analysis: Shapiro-Wilk Test followed by the Wilcoxon Test, or t Student, or Friedman Test (p<0.05). Results: It was observed that the TENS decreased the RMS readings, pre and pos treatment, for the Right T (RT) (2.80 ± 1.36 to 1.77 ± 0.93), the Left T (LT) (3.62 ± 2.10 to 2.10 ± 1.06), the Left SCM (LSCM) (2.64 ± 0.69 to 1.94 ± 0.95), and the SH (11.59 ± 7.72 to 7.82 ± 5.95) during the production of the E/vowel; and for the RT (3.56 ± 2.77 to 1.93 ± 1.13), the LT (4.68 ± 2.56 to 3.09 ± 2.31), the Right SCM (RSCM) (3.94 ± 2.04 to 2.51 ± 1.87), and the LSCM (3.54 ± 1.04 to .12 ± 3.00) during SS. A relieve in pain was also observed. Regarding the voice analysis, there was a decrease in level of laryngeal injuries; no difference was observed during the production of the E/vowel in the perceptive-auditory analysis; there was a decrease in the level of dysphonia and hoarseness during SS. Conclusion: TENS is effective in improving the clinical and functional signs of dysphonic women.203189194Behrman, A., Common practices of voice therapists in the evaluation of patients (2005) J Voice, 19 (3), pp. 454-469Dromey, C., Nissen, S.L., Roy, N., Merrill, R.M., Articulatory changes following treatment of muscle tension dysphonia: Preliminary acoustic evidence (2008) J Speech Lang Hear Res, 51 (1), pp. 196-208Gillivan-Murphy, P., Drinnan, M.J., O'Dwyer, T.P., Ridha, H., Carding, P., The effectiveness of a voice treatment approach for teachers with self-reported voice problems (2006) J Voice, 20 (3), pp. 423-431Schneider, S.L., Sataloff, R.T., Voice therapy for the professional voice (2007) Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 40 (5), pp. 1133-1149Rubin, J.S., Blake, E., Mathieson, L., Musculoskeletal patterns in patients with voice disorders (2007) J Voice, 21 (4), pp. 477-484Sluka, K.A., Walsh, D.M., Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: Basic science mechanisms and clinical effectiveness (2003) Pain, 4, pp. 109-121Penkner, K., Janda, M., Lorenzoni, M.A., A comparison of the muscular relaxation effect of TENS and EMG-biofeedback in patients with bruxism (2001) J Oral Rehabil, 28 (9), pp. 849-853Guimarães, B.T.L., A eletroestimulação nervosa transcutânea no relaxamento laríngeo (1992) Revista Lugar em FonoaudiologiaGuirro, R.R.J., Forti, F., Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Proposal for electrical insulation of the electromyographic signal acquisition module (2006) Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 46 (6), pp. 355-363Cram, J.R., Kasman, G.S., Haltz, J., (1998) Introduction to surface electromyography, , Aspen PubleshersBehlau, M., Azevedo, R., Pontes, P., Gonçalves, M.I.R., Constrição anteroposterior do vestíbulo laríngeo em indivíduos normais durante a fonação sustentada. (1998) Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 2 (4), pp. 56-60Voz, B.M., (2001) O Livro do Especialista, , Rio de Janeiro: RevinterRodrigues, D., Oliveira, A.S., Bérzin, F., Effect of conventional TENS on pain and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TDM patients (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18 (4), pp. 290-295Rodrigues, D., Oliveira, A.S., Bérzin, F., Effect of TENS on the activation pattern of the masticatory muscles in TMD patients (2004) Braz J Oral Sci, 13 (10), pp. 510-514Kamyszek G, Ketcham R, Garcia RJr, Radke J. Electromyographic evidence of reduce muscle activity when ULF-TENS is applied to the Vth and VIIth cranial nerves Cranio. 2001;19(3):162-8Guimaraes, B.T.L., Relaxamento laringeo com o uso da eletroestimulação nervosa transcutânea (Tens): Um estudo comparativo (2000) Revista Lugar em FonoaudiologiaChesterton, L.S., Barlas, P., Foster, N.E., Lundeberg, T., Wright, C.C., Caxter, G.D., Sensory stimulation (TENS): Effects of parameter manipulation on mechanical pain thresholds in healthy human subjects (2002) Pain, 99 (1-2), pp. 253-262Milne, S., Welch, V., Brosseau, L., Saginu, R.M., Shea, B., Tugwell, S., (2003) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low back pain, , Oxford: The Cochrane LibraryCarrol, D., Moore, R.A., McQuay, H.J., Fairman, F., Trame'r, M., Leijon, G., (2003) Trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain, , Oxford: The Cochrane LibraryKöke, A.J.A., Schoutend, J.S.A.G., Lamerichs-Geelenc, M.J.H., Lipschc, J.S.M., Waltjec, E.M.H., Kleefa, M., Pain reducing effect of three types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic pain: A randomized crossover trial (2004) Pain, 108 (1-2), pp. 36-42Kalra, A., Urban, M.O., Sluka, K.A., Blockade of Opioid Receptors in Rostral Venral Medulla. Prevents Antihyperalgesia Produced by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (2001) J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther, 298 (1), pp. 257-263Kofler, M., Functional organization of exteroceptive inhibition following nociceptiva electrical fingertip stimulation in humans (2003) Clin Neurophysiol, 114 (6), pp. 973-980Kofler, M., Influence of trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous silent periods in humans (2004) Neuroscience Letters, 360 (1-2), pp. 69-72Gonçalves, R.N., Ordenes, I.E.U., Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Efeito indireto da TENS sobre os músculos cervicais em portadores de DTM. (2007) Fisioterapia em Movimento, 20 (2), pp. 83-90Ido, C., Rothenbuhler, R., Janz, L., Eletroestimulação nervosa trancutânea de baixa freqüência nos "tender points" dos pacientes fibromioálgicos juvenis. (2003) Rev Fisioter Univ. São Paulo, 10 (1), pp. 1-

Uso Da Casca Do Abacate (persea Americana)na Formulação De Chá: Um Produto Funcional Contendo Compostos Fenólicos E Atividade Antioxidante

The peels of avocados, like other fruit peels, are commonly discarded, not knowing their potential use. In order to reuse avocado peel, the chemical and mineral compositions, total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities have been investigated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP(ferric-reducing antioxidant power) methods in in natura and dehydrated avocado peel. Dehydrated avocado-peel tea was manufactured and the antioxidant activity was evaluated, as well as their flavonoid and phenolic compound contents, and compared with other teas marketed. Avocado peel, especially dried avocado peel, contains major phenolic compounds (10,848.27 ± 162.34 mg GAE kg-1) and flavonoids (1,360.34 ± 188.65 mg EQ kg-1). The avocado-peel tea showed antioxidant activity by DPPH (1,954.24 ± 87.92 e 2518.27 ± 192.59 mg TE L-1) and phenolic and flavonoids contents highest than apple tea. The avocado-peel tea showed good antioxidant activity and had good acceptability by sensory analysis as a promising product. © 2016, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved.381232

Critical temperature for the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard Model

The critical temperature for the attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice is determined from the analysis of two independent quantities, the helicity modulus, $\rho_s$, and the pairing correlation function, $P_s$. These quantities have been calculated through Quantum Monte Carlo simulations for lattices up to $18\times 18$, and for several densities, in the intermediate-coupling regime. Imposing the universal-jump condition for an accurately calculated $\rho_s$, together with thorough finite-size scaling analyses (in the spirit of the phenomenological renormalization group) of $P_s$, suggests that $T_c$ is considerably higher than hitherto assumed.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Applied To The Study Of Clay Soils

The study of clay soils using photoacoustic spectroscopy was presented. The observation of the photoacoustic spectra showed the transition bands associated with Fe3+ ions in octahedral or tetrahedral symmetry. Rietveld refinements showed that the Al3+ cations were partially substituted by the Fe3+ cations in the octahedral states of kaolinite structure.741 II355357Alexandre, J., Saboya, F., Marques, B.C., Ribeiro, M.L.P., Salles, C., Da Silva, M.G., Sthel, M.S., Vargas, H., (1999) Analyst, 124, p. 1209Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., (2000) Appl. Clay Sci., 16, p. 133Mehra, O.P., Jackson, M.L., (1960) Clays Clay Miner., 7, p. 317Young, R.A., Sakthivel, A., Moss, T.S., Paiva-Santos, C.O., (1995) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 28, p. 366Sugano, S., Tunabe, Y., Kamimura, H., (1970) Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals, , Academic, New YorkAbritta, T., De Souza Barros, F., (1988) J. Lumin., 40, p. 187Abritta, T., Cella, N., Vargas, H., (1989) Chem. Phys. Lett., 161, p. 12Lima, G.A.R., Baesso, M.L., Arguello, Z.P., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 36, p. 9812Rosencwaig, A., Gersho, A., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 64Baesso, M.L., Mansanares, A.M., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 188

Lycopene-rich extract from red guava ( Psidium guajava L.) displays cytotoxic effect against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 via an apoptotic-like pathway

This study investigated a lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG) for its chemical composition using spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and computational studies. The cytotoxic activity of LEG and the underlying mechanism was studied in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), murine fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3), BALB/c murine peritoneal macrophages, and sheep blood erythrocytes by evaluating the cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry analysis showed that LEG contained 20% of lycopene per extract dry weight. Experimental and theoretical ATR-FTIR suggests the presence of lycopene, whereas MS/MS spectra obtained after fragmentation of the molecular ion [M]+• of 536.4364 show fragment ions at m/z 269.2259, 375.3034, 444.3788, and 467.3658, corroborating the presence of lycopene mostly related to all-trans configuration. Treatment with LEG (1600 to 6.25μg/mL) for 24 and 72h significantly affected the viability of MCF-7 cells (mean half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]=29.85 and 5.964μg/mL, respectively) but not NIH-3T3 cells (IC50=1579 and 911.5μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore LEG at concentrations from 800 to 6.25μg/mL presented low cytotoxicity against BALB/c peritoneal macrophages (IC50≥800μg/mL) and no hemolytic activity. LEG (400 and 800μg/mL) caused reduction in the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest, DNA fragmentation, modifications in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and morphologic changes related to granularity and size in MCF-7 cells; however, it failed to cause any significant damage to the cell membrane or display necrosis or traditional apoptosis. In conclusion, LEG was able to induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells probably via induction of an apoptotic-like pathway.The authors acknowledge the computational time provided by CENAPAD/SP on the project proj697. Alexandra Plácido is gratefully to FCT by her grant SFRH/BD/97995/2013, financed by POPH–QREN–Tipologia 4.1–Formação Avançada, subsidized by Fundo Social Europeu and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. The work at REQUIMTE/LAQV received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE) and National Funds (FCT) through project UID/QUI/50006/2013. Adriany das G. N. Amorim is grateful to CAPES by for the doctoral fellowship process no. 99999.004236/2014-09 in Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Eder A. Barbosa is grateful to PNPD/CAPES for its post-doctoral fellowship.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g-1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food-deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g-1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g-1, in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g-1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui

Low-diffusion Xe-He gas mixtures for rare-event detection: electroluminescence yield

High pressure xenon Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification are being proposed for rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The discrimination of the rare event through the topological signature of primary ionisation trails is a major asset for this type of TPC when compared to single liquid or double-phase TPCs, limited mainly by the high electron diffusion in pure xenon. Helium admixtures with xenon can be an attractive solution to reduce the electron diffu- sion significantly, improving the discrimination efficiency of these optical TPCs. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe–He mixtures, in the range of 0 to 30% He and demonstrated the small impact on the EL yield of the addition of helium to pure xenon. For a typical reduced electric field of 2.5 kV/cm/bar in the EL region, the EL yield is lowered by ∼ 2%, 3%, 6% and 10% for 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of helium concentration, respectively. This decrease is less than what has been obtained from the most recent simulation framework in the literature. The impact of the addition of helium on EL statistical fluctuations is negligible, within the experimental uncertainties. The present results are an important benchmark for the simulation tools to be applied to future optical TPCs based on Xe-He mixtures. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Construction and physiochemical characterisation of a multi-composite, potential oral vaccine delivery system (VDS)

An increasing human population requires a secure food supply and a cost effective, oral vaccine delivery system for livestock would help facilitate this end. Recombinant antigen adsorbed onto silica beads and coated with myristic acid, was released (∼15% (w/v)) over 24 h at pH 8.8. At pH 2, the myristic acid acted as an enteric coating, protecting the antigen from a variety of proteases. The antigen adsorbed onto silica particles, coated in myristic acid had a conserved secondary structure (measured by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy) following its pH-triggered release. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to measure the thickness of the adsorbed antigen, finding that its adsorbed conformation was slightly greater than its solution radius of gyration, i.e. 120–160 Å. The addition of myristic acid led to a further increase in particle size, with scattering data consistent with an acid thickness slightly greater than a monolayer of fully extended alkyl chains and a degree of hydration of around 50%. Whilst adsorbed onto the silica and coated in myristic acid, the protein was stable over 14 days at 42 °C, indicating a reduced need for cold chain storage. These data indicate that further investigation is warranted into the development of this technology