A synthetic strategy to bridged 2,3,8-trioxabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane endoperoxides

6nonenoneSandra Gemma;Sanil Kunjir;Margherita Brindisi;Ettore Novellino;Giuseppe Campiani;Stefania ButiniGemma, Sandra; Kunjir, SANIL ASHOK; Brindisi, Margherita; Ettore, Novellino; Campiani, Giuseppe; Butini, Stefani

Synthetic spirocyclic endoperoxides: new antimalarial scaffolds

Here we report the development of a straightforward synthetic procedure for the preparation of spirocyclic endoperoxides as synthetic analogues of the natural product dihydroplakortin. The peroxides presented here are more potent antiplasmodials than dihydroplakortin itself and we proved for the first time their antimalarial activity in vivo. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 201

Mimicking the intramolecular hydrogen bond: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of benzoxazines and quinazolines as potential antimalarial agents

The intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between a protonated amine and a neighboring H-bond acceptor group in the side chain of amodiaquine and isoquine is thought to play an important role in their antimalarial activities. Here we describe isoquine-based compounds in which the intramolecular H-bond is mimicked by a methylene linker. The antimalarial activities of the resulting benzoxazines, their isosteric tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives, and febrifugine-based 1,3-quinazolin-4-ones were examined in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (against Plasmodium berghei). Compounds 6b,c caused modest inhibition of chloroquine transport via the parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) in a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. In silico predictions and experimental evaluation of selected drug-like properties were also performed on compounds 6b,c. Compound 6c emerged from this work as the most promising analogue of the series; it possessed low toxicity and good antimalarial activity when administered orally to P. berghei-infected mice

Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of Bicyclic Dioxanes as Simplified Dihydroplakortin Analogues

Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of a novel series of bicyclic peroxides inspired by the marine natural compound dihydroplakortin. We developed a synthetic strategy leading to the dihydroplakortin-related peroxides in only a few steps. The in vitro antiplasmodial potency of the peroxides was similar to, or greater than, that of the reference natural compound, and structure-activity relationship studies revealed several key structural requirements for activity and potency

Mimicking the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Benzoxazines and Quinazolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents

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Mimicking the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Benzoxazines and Quinazolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents

The intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between a protonated amine and a neighboring H-bond acceptor group in the side chain of amodiaquine and isoquine is thought to play an important role in their antimalarial activities. Here we describe isoquine-based compounds in which the intramolecular H-bond is mimicked by a methylene linker. The antimalarial activities of the resulting benzoxazines, their isosteric tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives, and febrifugine-based 1,3-quinazolin-4-ones were examined in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (against Plasmodium berghei). Compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b> caused modest inhibition of chloroquine transport via the parasite’s “chloroquine resistance transporter” (PfCRT) in a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. In silico predictions and experimental evaluation of selected drug-like properties were also performed on compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b>. Compound <b>6c</b> emerged from this work as the most promising analogue of the series; it possessed low toxicity and good antimalarial activity when administered orally to P. berghei-infected mice

Mimicking the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Benzoxazines and Quinazolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents

The intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between a protonated amine and a neighboring H-bond acceptor group in the side chain of amodiaquine and isoquine is thought to play an important role in their antimalarial activities. Here we describe isoquine-based compounds in which the intramolecular H-bond is mimicked by a methylene linker. The antimalarial activities of the resulting benzoxazines, their isosteric tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives, and febrifugine-based 1,3-quinazolin-4-ones were examined in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (against Plasmodium berghei). Compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b> caused modest inhibition of chloroquine transport via the parasite’s “chloroquine resistance transporter” (PfCRT) in a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. In silico predictions and experimental evaluation of selected drug-like properties were also performed on compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b>. Compound <b>6c</b> emerged from this work as the most promising analogue of the series; it possessed low toxicity and good antimalarial activity when administered orally to P. berghei-infected mice

Mimicking the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Benzoxazines and Quinazolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents

The intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between a protonated amine and a neighboring H-bond acceptor group in the side chain of amodiaquine and isoquine is thought to play an important role in their antimalarial activities. Here we describe isoquine-based compounds in which the intramolecular H-bond is mimicked by a methylene linker. The antimalarial activities of the resulting benzoxazines, their isosteric tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives, and febrifugine-based 1,3-quinazolin-4-ones were examined in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (against Plasmodium berghei). Compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b> caused modest inhibition of chloroquine transport via the parasite’s “chloroquine resistance transporter” (PfCRT) in a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. In silico predictions and experimental evaluation of selected drug-like properties were also performed on compounds <b>6b</b>,<b>c</b>. Compound <b>6c</b> emerged from this work as the most promising analogue of the series; it possessed low toxicity and good antimalarial activity when administered orally to P. berghei-infected mice