Impact of Leadership Incivility on Employee Leaving Intention and Job Insecurity: Mediating role of Workplace Ostracism

Purpose: Supervisors' Incivility is considered a key antecedent of workplace ostracism and it is one of the burning issues and has a direct relationship with Job Insecurity, similarly, Job Insecurity generates the intention to leave the organization among employees. Methodology: The targeted population was the employee of healthcare institutions working in Pakistan. The sample of 336 was collected using the purposive sampling technique and the quantitative approach was applied due to the explanatory nature of the study. A five-level Likert scale questionnaire was employed to collect the data from the employees of the healthcare institutions regardless of their role and designation. Data analysis was run in twos steps, first demographic & descriptive by using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS 25.0), and in the second stage we used structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for convergent & discriminant validities the Partial least squares (PLS) approach was adopted by using the smart PLS software for the analysis of data. Findings: The results revealed that there is a direct positive relationship between leadership incivility and employee leaving intention and job security. The mediating role of workplace ostracism is not established among the dependent and independent variables however job insecurity ignites and mediates the employee leaving intentions. Conclusion: The study in Pakistan revealed that the workplace environment contributes 32% to job performance and 23% to Employee Leaving Intention. The study aims to evaluate leadership incivility and its effects on employee leaving intention and job insecurity, and also moderate the relationship between workplace ostracism with job insecurity and employee leaving intentions

The Effect of Despotic Leadership on the Employee Work Withdrawal Behavior and Acquiescent Silence

Purpose: The main aim to conduct this research is to identify whether LMX mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and acquiescence silence. In addition, the study also takes into account the role of Quality of work life as a mediator in the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior. Methodology: The data was collected by sharing the adopted questionnaire with the target population a total of 247 valid responses were received from the employee working in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Smart PLS was used to measure the model. The research is conducted for the managers leading a team of professionals and the community of Human Resource Development that includes business consultants, advisors, employees, top management, scholars, specialists, and students. Findings: The study found that despotic leadership increases withdrawal behavior and acquiescence in silence among employees. Moreover, leader-member exchange mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior and quality of work-life mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior. Conclusion: The findings declared that despotic leadership has a destructive influence on subordinates concerning increased work withdrawal behavior and acquiescent silence

The Experimental Study On the Effectiveness of Social Media Ad Campaign: Like, Comment, Share

The popularity of social media outlets has forced us to inquire about marketing effectiveness in any area of the industry. Social media has rapidly risen in popularity as a new advertising platform that allows users to connect with one another and engage with brands.  This research has attempted to explore the attitude of people over the advertisements in what formats most people prefer to like, comment or share. We focus top trended social media sites Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn to demonstrate the consumer engagement on advertisements placed on these sites. This research has identified the factors which influence the users to keep an eye out on advertisements that make them want to continue watching it as they spend their daily time on these social media websites and apps. To determine what makes Ads and online marketing campaigns successful we used variables such as Vividness, Content of Posts, Position of Posts, Scheduling and Call to Action.  It was conducted on 300 respondents. We used the questionnaire to collect the data and used a semantic differential scale. We questioned about the ads to respondents which were based on our variables. Results showed that our research is decisive but the variable call to action has an insignificant effect and other variables such as vividness, the position of post, the content of the post, schedule have a significant relation with customer engagement

Generation X and Y: Impact of Work Attitudes and Work Values on Employee Performance

Sustainable competitive advantage lies in the intellectual capital of firms, where it has become important to retain employees and train them for future leadership. Hence, firms must recognize the importance of the work values and attitudes of the employed Generation. Understanding Generational diversity and using the right strategy is crucial for the firm’s success. Theorization of Generational differences have been applied in Western Cultures more often than Eastern Cultures, hence this research expanded the concept of Generational diversity to the banking workforce of Karachi, Pakistan. The relationship between Generation X and Y work values and attitudes on employee performance was examined. Three hundred people from Generation X and Y were taken as a sample from the Commercial Banks in Karachi and responses on different work attitudes and values were taken. It was found that values and attitudes have a significant relationship with employee performance for both Generation X and Y. However, cognitive and social values are important for Generation X while cognitive, instrumental and prestige values are important for Generation Y employees. The study theoretically contributes to work values and attitudes perspective, generational theory and performance perspective and offers implications for creating a suitable combination of tasks and rewards with respect to individual needs

Nexus of knowledge management between industry and academia via third space hybridity and career attitudes

This paper aims to explore the relationship between Protean Career Attitude, Boundaryless Career Attitude and Task and Contextual Performance mediated by Knowledge Management (KM). In this paper, KM is taken as a boundary process view, namely, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Integration and Knowledge Transformation. KM is taken as a mediator and the perspective of Third Space Hybridity and Knowledge Brokers have been tested. The role of boundary spanners has been investigated by empirically examining 104 employees teaching as adjunct faculty along with working in their respective fields in Karachi, Pakistan. These visiting faculties are performing the role of Boundary Spanners or Artists-Academic (Lam, 2017) and work using the knowledge from academia and organizations. A measurement model and Structural Equation Model using Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique have been applied using SMART-PLS software to test the hypotheses. While the bootstrapping method has been applied to test the mediation. The results showed that Protean Career Attitudes play a significant role in effecting both Task Performance and Contextual Performance through KM. Specifically, self-driven values (sub-dimension of Protean Career Attitudes) effect the relationship. Task Performance has a stronger effect than Contextual performance. This study discusses how the model works across different boundaries and how sharing, integration and transformation of knowledge occurs. This study will help top management in different organizations to understand the role of these boundary spanners and utilize them in the development of new products and services. The management needs to identify such individuals as they are better suited to take up the role of entrepreneurs in their organizations

The Experimental Study On the Effectiveness of Social Media Ad Campaign: Like, Comment, Share

The popularity of social media outlets has forced us to inquire about marketing effectiveness in any area of the industry. Social media has rapidly risen in popularity as a new advertising platform that allows users to connect with one another and engage with brands.  This research has attempted to explore the attitude of people over the advertisements in what formats most people prefer to like, comment or share. We focus top trended social media sites Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn to demonstrate the consumer engagement on advertisements placed on these sites. This research has identified the factors which influence the users to keep an eye out on advertisements that make them want to continue watching it as they spend their daily time on these social media websites and apps. To determine what makes Ads and online marketing campaigns successful we used variables such as Vividness, Content of Posts, Position of Posts, Scheduling and Call to Action.  It was conducted on 300 respondents. We used the questionnaire to collect the data and used a semantic differential scale. We questioned about the ads to respondents which were based on our variables. Results showed that our research is decisive but the variable call to action has an insignificant effect and other variables such as vividness, the position of post, the content of the post, schedule have a significant relation with customer engagement

Assessing medical students\u27 perception of cross-cultural competence at a private university in Karachi

Background: Cross-cultural competence is widely regarded to play an important role in being able to deliver appropriate and effective health care to patients with different backgrounds, race, gender orientation and cultural beliefs. This study aims to assess how medical students feel about their comfort, knowledge, and skill level in handling a diverse patient population using a validated questionnaire.Methods: This study was carried out over a period of three weeks from July 5th to July 26th of 2021, in the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All medical students who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and gave informed consent were included in the study. A modified version of the Harvard cross-cultural care survey was used to assess the medical students\u27 comfort, knowledge and skill level in a variety of circumstances related to patients with different backgrounds and cultures. Descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire items was carried out. We reported frequencies and percentages for gender and year of study. For the questionnaire items, we reported mean, assuming that our Likert scale had equivariant intervals. Furthermore, multivariate analysis between demographics and themes was carried out. A p-value of \u3c 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: It was found that students of year 5 considered themselves more knowledgeable, comfortable and skilled in dealing with patients of different backgrounds, religions and beliefs compared to students of year 1 and had a higher average score in all of these categories which was statistically significant. Additionally, students who believed it is extremely important to practice medicine with a diverse patient population also had the highest averages in perceived knowledge, comfort and skills in dealing with patients of different sociocultural backgrounds compared to students who believed it wasn\u27t important at all.Conclusion: This is a first of its kind study in a private medical university in Pakistan and highlights the students\u27 self-assessment of their competence when caring for patients from different backgrounds. This study can be used as a reference study in the region to carry out further studies and to assess and improve the gaps in medical training being provided