18 research outputs found

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≄60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

    Introduction

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    Avenel Cyprien, Dauphin Sandrine. Introduction. In: Recherches et Prévisions, n°91, 2008. Minima sociaux. Diversités des logiques d'action et des publics. pp. 3-6

    Introduction

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    Avenel Cyprien, Dauphin Sandrine. Introduction. In: Recherches et Prévisions, n°91, 2008. Minima sociaux. Diversités des logiques d'action et des publics. pp. 3-6

    Accelerated aging test modeling applied to solar mirrors

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    International audienceThe durability of solar mirrors is a critical factor for the deployment of concentrating solar power plants. Accelerated aging test models currently applied in the polymer, electronic, and photovoltaic fields have recently been reviewed, and the issues of their application to solar mirrors have been discussed. This article first reports the results of temperature, humidity, and light irradiance accelerated aging tests performed to assess the dependent parameters of selected models from the literature. These parameters include the apparent activation energy for the Arrhenius temperature law, the Peck and Eyring coefficients for humidity models and the Schwarzschild coefficient for the irradiance law. The experimental values were then assessed for specular reflectance loss of solar mirrors. Finally, using these parameters, acceleration factors were calculated for solar mirrors. An effective temperature considering the Arrhenius degradation law was used rather than the commonly used mean temperature. This question is also addressed for light irradiance by using the dose instead of the mean value

    Review of accelerated ageing test modelling and its application to solar mirrors

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    International audienceSolar mirrors for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are expected to last at least 30 years. As this delay is far too long to obtain useful information regarding in-service degradation, accelerated approaches to weathering testing are performed by manufacturers and research laboratories in order to quickly assess the lifetime of commercial or new technologies. However, most published studies that have been performed in the CSP field are based on phenomenological approaches. The characterization of the degradation, which mostly considers reflectance loss, has rarely been linked to physical or chemical processes that are responsible for the degradation of properties. Furthermore, the general laws that can be established from these data to establish material behaviour are empirical.Ageing tests have been used for many years in other fields, particularly in the domain of polymeric materials. The impacts on the material properties of stress factors such as temperature, irradiation and humidity have been extensively studied, and models have been proposed for different kinds of materials, even though most are based on empirical observations. One of the goals of this article is to determine how these models could be applied to the weathering of solar mirrors, and as such, the goal of this paper is to provide a critical review of the various models that are most used and accepted by the scientific community. All of these models include material-dependent parameters, and the values that have been determined in these studies are reported here to list their order of magnitude

    L'investissement social: quelle stratégie pour la France?

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    Cet ouvrage rassemble les principaux Ă©lĂ©ments prĂ©sentĂ©s et discutĂ©s au cours du cycle de sĂ©minaires «L’investissement social : quelle stratĂ©gie pour la France  ?», organisĂ© entre janvier  2016 et janvier  2017 par les Apprentis d’Auteuil, la Caisse nationale des Allocations familiales (Cnaf), la Direction gĂ©nĂ©rale de la cohĂ©sion sociale (DGCS), France StratĂ©gie et le Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d’évaluation des politiques publiques de Sciences Po Paris. Deux principaux objectifs ont guidĂ© ces sĂ©minaires. Le premier Ă©tait de clarifier le concept d’«investissement social» pour mieux saisir son contenu et son utilitĂ© pour l’action. Le second, de prĂ©ciser les dĂ©fis opĂ©rationnels de l’investissement social pour ce qui concerne la France.Ces dimensions ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es au cours de sept sĂ©ances : ~ une sĂ©ance de lancement a dressĂ© une comparaison entre pays et traitĂ© les enjeux gĂ©nĂ©raux de dĂ©finition et d’évaluation;~ cinq sĂ©ances thĂ©matiques ont traitĂ© des politiques publiques en matiĂšre de : conditions d’accueil du jeune enfant; articulation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle et Ă©galitĂ© femmes/hommes ; politiques de la jeunesse; nouvelles formes de lutte contre la pauvretĂ©; formation tout au long de la vie et accompagnement global vers et dans l’emploi ;~ une sĂ©ance conclusive a permis Ă  un large panel d’acteurs du champ social de se positionner par rapport Ă  la stratĂ©gie d’investissement social.L’organisation de l’ouvrage reprend le contenu de ces sept sĂ©ances.L’introduction prĂ©sente les principaux enseignements transversauxdu sĂ©minaire. L’ensemble des contributions, prĂ©sentations, synthĂšsesdĂ©taillĂ©es de ces sĂ©minaires se trouve sur le site : http://www.investissementsocial.or

    L'investissement social : quelle stratégie pour la France ?

    No full text
    International audienceCet ouvrage rassemble les principaux Ă©lĂ©ments prĂ©sentĂ©s et discutĂ©s au cours du cycle de sĂ©minaires «L’investissement social : quelle stratĂ©gie pour la France  ?», organisĂ© entre janvier  2016 et janvier  2017 par les Apprentis d’Auteuil, la Caisse nationale des Allocations familiales (Cnaf), la Direction gĂ©nĂ©rale de la cohĂ©sion sociale (DGCS), France StratĂ©gie et le Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d’évaluation des politiques publiques de Sciences Po Paris. Deux principaux objectifs ont guidĂ© ces sĂ©minaires. Le premier Ă©tait de clarifier le concept d’«investissement social» pour mieux saisir son contenu et son utilitĂ© pour l’action. Le second, de prĂ©ciser les dĂ©fis opĂ©rationnels de l’investissement social pour ce qui concerne la France.Ces dimensions ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es au cours de sept sĂ©ances : ~ une sĂ©ance de lancement a dressĂ© une comparaison entre pays et traitĂ© les enjeux gĂ©nĂ©raux de dĂ©finition et d’évaluation;~ cinq sĂ©ances thĂ©matiques ont traitĂ© des politiques publiques en matiĂšre de : conditions d’accueil du jeune enfant; articulation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle et Ă©galitĂ© femmes/hommes ; politiques de la jeunesse; nouvelles formes de lutte contre la pauvretĂ©; formation tout au long de la vie et accompagnement global vers et dans l’emploi ;~ une sĂ©ance conclusive a permis Ă  un large panel d’acteurs du champ social de se positionner par rapport Ă  la stratĂ©gie d’investissement social.L’organisation de l’ouvrage reprend le contenu de ces sept sĂ©ances.L’introduction prĂ©sente les principaux enseignements transversauxdu sĂ©minaire. L’ensemble des contributions, prĂ©sentations, synthĂšsesdĂ©taillĂ©es de ces sĂ©minaires se trouve sur le site : http://www.investissementsocial.or
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