Avaliação agronômica de três híbridos de sorgo (BR 700, BR 701 e MASSA 03) colhidos em cinco diferentes estádios de maturação.

Foram avaliados tres hibridos de sorgo de duplo proposito (BR 700, BR 701 e MASSA 03) para producao de silagem. Os hibridos foram cortados em cinco estadios de maturacao diferentes. Foi utilizado delineamento estatistico em blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes para cada tratamento. As medias foram comparadas pelo teste "SNK" (Student Newman Keuls), com nivel de significancia de 5%. os dados foram analisados pelo pacote estatistico SAEG (1997). Determinou-se a producao de materia seca/ha, altura das plantas e numero de plantas/ha. Nao foram observadas diferenças nas variaveis avaliadas entre os diferentes estadios de maturacao estudados, nem entre os hibridos avaliados dentro de uma mesma epoca

Interpreting different measures of glomerular filtration rate in obesity and weight loss: pitfalls for the clinician

To combat the increasing incidence of obesity, much research has been devoted to devising successful strategies for weight loss, including manipulation of diet and gastric surgery. Obesity itself can be associated with renal dysfunction, and the degree of reversibility of this with weight loss has being studied. However, there are significant limitations and flaws in the methods we have available to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in overweight and obese subjects. Obesity is associated with changes in body composition including lean and fat mass. This has implications for assumptions that underpin creatinine-based measures such as creatinine clearance, estimated GFR and other equations devised for obesity including the Salazar–Corcoran equation. These changes in body composition also affect measures of glomerular filtration such as cystatin C and nuclear medicine isotope scans. This article will review the accuracy of these current measures of renal function in the obese and consider the evidence for adjusting for body surface area or adjusting for lean body mass. Finally, the effect of weight loss itself on serial measurements of renal function in a given individual, independent of a true change in renal function, will be reviewed. Ultimately using the Cockcroft–Gault equation with an adjustment for lean body mass seems to be the best measure for renal function in obesity. No method for measuring renal function in situations of weight loss has been shown to be unequivocally superior.D.R. Jesudason and P. Clifto

Investigating the role of mitochondria in type 2 diabetes lessons from lipidomics and proteomics studies of skeletal muscle and liver.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), a highly prevalent disease rapidly developing as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. Data however about the involvement of mitochondria, central hubs in bioenergetic processes, in the disease development are still controversial. Lipid and protein homeostasis are under intense discussion to be crucial for proper mitochondrial function. Consequently proteomics and lipidomics analyses might help to understand how molecular changes in mitochondria translate to alterations in energy transduction as observed in the healthy and metabolic diseases such as T2Dm and other related disorders. Mitochondrial lipids integrated in a tool covering proteomic and functional analyses were up to now rarely investigated, although mitochondria]. lipids might provide a possible lynchpin in the understanding of type 2 diabetes development and thereby prevention. In this chapter state-of-the-art analytical strategies, pre -analytical aspects, potential pitfalls as well as current proteomics and lipidomics-based knowledge about the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will be discussed

Genomic Designing for Climate-Smart Tomato

Tomato is the first vegetable consumed in the world. It is grown in very different conditions and areas, mainly in field for processing tomatoes while fresh-market tomatoes are often produced in greenhouses. Tomato faces many environmental stresses, both biotic and abiotic. Today many new genomic resources are available allowing an acceleration of the genetic progress. In this chapter, we will first present the main challenges to breed climate-smart tomatoes. The breeding objectives relative to productivity, fruit quality, and adaptation to environmental stresses will be presented with a special focus on how climate change is impacting these objectives. In the second part, the genetic and genomic resources available will be presented. Then, traditional and molecular breeding techniques will be discussed. A special focus will then be presented on ecophysiological modeling, which could constitute an important strategy to define new ideotypes adapted to breeding objectives. Finally, we will illustrate how new biotechnological tools are implemented and could be used to breed climate-smart tomatoes