Water excess in different phenological stages of canola cultivars.

The objective of this study was to determine the stage of development with greater sensitivity to water excess and the period of time required to compromise the emergence and grain yield components of canola. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Santa Maria and at the Farroupilha Federal Institute, Campus of São Vicente do Sul, RS during the 2015 agricultural year. The completely randomized experimental design was utilized to investigate phenological stages and periods of continuous water excess in the soil. Also, factors like percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, grain yield, number of siliques per plant, one hundred grains weight, dry matter of aerial part, silique length, number of grains per silique, and weight of 20 siliques were determined. The stages of rosette leaf formation and beginning of anthesis are the most sensitive to water excess in the soil. Water excess for 24 h is enough to reduce the emergence speed index. However, the percentage of emergence is not compromised by water excess up to 192 continuous hours. 24 h of water excess reduces the number of siliques per plant, dry matter of aerial part and grain yield of canola

EFEITOS DAS BEBIDAS ENERGÉTICAS NA SAÚDE CARDÍACA DE JOVENS ADULTOS

The increasing consumption of energy drinks among young adults has raised concerns due to potential cardiac health risks. This study reviewed the literature to investigate these impacts, considering that this age group is in a crucial phase for maintaining cardiovascular health. Using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, studies addressing the cardiovascular effects of energy drinks, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as adverse cardiac events, were selected. The main findings indicate that components such as caffeine and taurine have significant effects on the cardiovascular system. Caffeine can increase blood pressure and heart rate, while taurine can exacerbate these effects, especially at high doses. The review highlights the need for greater awareness of the risks of regular consumption of these drinks and suggests the implementation of clearer guidelines and stricter regulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the risks associated with energy drink consumption, providing a solid basis for future research and public health policies. Promoting safe consumption practices and establishing effective regulations are crucial to protecting the cardiac health of young adults and preventing future complications.O crescente consumo de bebidas energéticas entre jovens adultos tem despertado preocupações devido aos potenciais riscos à saúde cardíaca. Este estudo revisou a literatura para investigar esses impactos, considerando que essa faixa etária está em uma fase crucial para a manutenção da saúde cardiovascular. Utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, foram selecionados estudos que abordaram os efeitos cardiovasculares das bebidas energéticas, como aumento da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial, bem como eventos cardíacos adversos. Os principais achados indicam que componentes como cafeína e taurina têm efeitos significativos no sistema cardiovascular. A cafeína pode aumentar a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca, enquanto a taurina pode exacerbar esses efeitos, especialmente em doses elevadas. A revisão destaca a necessidade de maior conscientização sobre os riscos do consumo regular dessas bebidas e sugere a implementação de diretrizes e regulamentações mais rígidas. Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos riscos associados ao consumo de bebidas energéticas, fornecendo uma base sólida para futuras investigações e políticas de saúde pública. A promoção de práticas de consumo seguro e a elaboração de regulamentações eficazes são cruciais para proteger a saúde cardíaca dos jovens adultos e prevenir complicações futuras