An integrated batch annealing furnace simulator

An integrated batch annealing furnace simulator with the capability of predicting spatial and temporal evolution of temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties of the coils during the batch annealing operation has been developed. The prediction capability of this integrated simulator has been extensively validated with data collected from several industrial batch annealing operations. In this article, the problems in controlling a batch annealing operation via conventional temperature based control strategy has been highlighted. These problems can be effectively resolved by using the integrated simulator. Furthermore, the utility of this simulator has been illustrated by a case study on optimization of coil dimensions for maximization of furnace productivity

Kineto-elastodynamic balancing of 4R-four bar mechanisms combining kinematic and dynamic stress considerations

When a mechanism runs at high speed and has elastic links, its links vibrate under the action of forces present on the mechanism. The acceleration field resulting from the vibration of the links develops additional interia forces called kineto-elastodynamic (KED) inertia forces. The present paper takes into account the contribution of the KED inertia forces towards the shaking force and shaking moment while balancing planar mechanisms. Combining kinematic design and dynamic stress considerations an optimal kinematic design of the mechanism satisfying the given aim and optimal cross-sectional areas of the links were determined such that the shaking force trasmitted to the foundations due to the combined effect of rigid-body inertia forces and KED inertia forces is a minimum. Les membres élastiques d'un mécanisme tournant à haute vitese, vibrent sous l'effet des forces appliquées. Le champs d'accélération qui en résulte développe des forces d'inertie additionelles. On étudie dans ce travail l'équilibrage des mécanismes plans à quatre qui tent compte simultanément des forces cinétiques et des forces de vibrations de manière à ce que les forces et les couples résiduels soient minimum

Kineto-elastodynamic balancing of 4R-four-bar mechanisms by internal mass redistribution

In the case of mechanism with elastic links, the links vibrate about some mean position under the forces acting on the mechanism. The acceleration field resulting from the vibration of the links develops additional inertia forces which may be termed kineto-elastodynamic (KED) inertia forces. The present paper takes into account the contribution of the KED inertia forces toward the shaking force and shaking moment along with the contribution of the rigid-body inertia forces while balancing a mechanism by internal mass redistribution. The effect of the inclusion of KED inertia forces has been demonstrated by taking an example problem in which the maximum shaking force produced during the complete cycle of motion of mechanism has been minimized using nonlinear programming technique. Dans le cas de mécanismes aux membres élastiques, ces derniers vibrent autour de leur position moyenne sous l'influence des forces cinétiques. Le champs d'accélération qui en résulte developpe des forces d'interties additionnelles. Dans ce travail on étudie temps des forces cinétiques et des forces vibratoires. On emploie la programmation non-linéaire pour rendre minimum les forces et les couples résiduels. Un exemple numérique confirme l'influence des forces vibratoires sur l'équilibrage