33 research outputs found
Who moved my cheese (again)?
A study shows that spatial learning is accompanied by the reorganization of place fields of hippocampal CA1 neurons, and that this reorganization is subsequently reactivated in an NMDA-dependent manner for memory consolidation
Profits and social performance of small-scale fishing in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil)
Small scale fishing profits in two communities in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Porto Rico - PRI and Porto São José - PSJ villages) are assessed based on interviews carried out with professional fishermen. There is a high illiteracy level in both PRI (50%) and PSJ (44.5%). The main contributions to income are "vessel costs" and "fish consumption" by the family. Specific tackle (such as cevadeira) and gear used for fishing close to dams make the gear costs higher at PSJ, emphasising the heterogeneity of the activity. The majority of fishermen in both villages have income complementation activities associated with tourism, because floodplain fishing is not a profitable occupation with any poverty alleviation capacity. Since the ecosystem is seriously disrupted, nowadays fishers are vulnerable to high oscillations in costs and income due to uncertainty in catches aggravated by flood control of the dams
The reorganization and reactivation of hippocampal maps predict spatial memory performance
The hippocampus is an important brain circuit for spatial memory and the spatially selective spiking of hippocampal neuronal assemblies is thought to provide a mnemonic representation of space. We found that remembering newly learnt goal locations required NMDA receptor–dependent stabilization and enhanced reactivation of goal-related hippocampal assemblies. During spatial learning, place-related firing patterns in the CA1, but not CA3, region of the rat hippocampus were reorganized to represent new goal locations. Such reorganization did not occur when goals were marked by visual cues. The stabilization and successful retrieval of these newly acquired CA1 representations of behaviorally relevant places was NMDAR dependent and necessary for subsequent memory retention performance. Goal-related assembly patterns associated with sharp wave/ripple network oscillations, during both learning and subsequent rest periods, predicted memory performance. Together, these results suggest that the reorganization and reactivation of assembly firing patterns in the hippocampus represent the formation and expression of new spatial memory traces
Plasticity of the Hippocampal Place Cell Representation
The roie of the hippocampus in the
representation of 'place' has been attributed to
the place cells, whose spatially localised firing
suggests their participation in forming a cognitive map of the environment. That this map
is necessary for spatial memory formation is
indicated by the propensity of almost all
navigational tasks to be disrupted by hippocampal damage. The hippocampus has also long
been implicated in the formation of episodic
memories, and the unusually plastic nature of
hippocampal synapses testifies to its probable
mnemonic role. Arguably, the place cell
representation should, if it is to support spatial
learning, be modifiable according to known
principles of synaptic reorganization. The
present article reviews evidence that the place
cell representation is indeed plastic, and that its
plasticity depends on the same neurobiological
mechanisms known to underlie experimentally
induced synaptic plasticity. Inferences are
drawn regarding the architecture of the spatial
representation and the principles by which it is
modified. Spatial learning is promising to be the
first kind of memory which is completely
understood at all levels, from molecular through
circuitry to behaviour and beyond