Improving the performance of cylinder liners by creating thin-layer coatings in the interface

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. The paper presents the technological process of brass plating of the cylinder bore. Application of the coating allows to increase the operational reliability of parts of the cylinder-piston group and the technical life of the entire engine

Risk factors affecting progression and course of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with different disease stages (multicenter study)

N.E. Fomin1,2, P.Ch. Zavadskiy3, A.V. Kuroedov1,2, A.V. Seleznev4, Z.M. Nagornova4, D.A. Baryshnikova5, R.V. Avdeev6, A.M. Getmanova7, I.A. Glushnev8, A.A. Gusarevich9, D.A. Dorofeev10, S.V. Kosmynina11, O.S. Myakonkaya12, N.A. Rebenok8, Yu.I. Razhko8, I.I. Semenova13, T.V. Chernyakova14 1P.V. Mandryka Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 3 Karelia Ophthalmological Center, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation 4Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation 5Sectoral Clinical Diagnostic Center of the PJSC "Gazprom", Moscow, Russian Federation 6 N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation 7 Bryansk Regional Hospital No. 1, Bryansk, Russian Federation 8Republican Scientific Practical Center of Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, &nbsp; Gomel, Republic of Belarus 9 Clinical Hospital "RZD-Medicine" of the city of Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 10 City Clinical Hospital No. 2, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation 11 P.A. Bayandin Murmansk Regional Clinical Hospital, Murmansk, Russian Federation 12Volgograd Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, &nbsp; Volgograd, Russian Federation 13 Mogilev City Hospital of the Emergency Medical Care, Mogilev, Republic of Belarus 14 Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Bank of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to identify certain risk factors and their associations, which&nbsp;determine the prognosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with different disease stages. Patients and Methods: the final protocol of this clinical research combines multicenter study included the results of dynamic follow-up of 293 patients (293 eyes) with different stages of POAG. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 65 (59; 70) years. The duration of verified POAG history was 3 (1; 6) years. Age, medical history, disease stage, IOP levels, IOP-lowering medications, comorbidities, other (social) factors (in total, 23 entities considered potential causes of refractory glaucoma) were investigated. All participants were divided into two groups (non-refractory glaucoma and refractory glaucoma) that included six&nbsp;subgroups according to current guidelines on achieving target IOP in various treatment approaches. Results: at the time of verified diagnosis and final examination of POAG patients, IOP levels were higher in the refractory glaucoma group and patients with advanced glaucoma (p&lt;0.001). The most common risk factors, comorbidities, and other variables characterizing refractory glaucoma were pseudoexfoliative syndrome/PEX (53.5%), pigment dispersion syndrome/PDS (16.7%), dry eye disease/DED (38.6%), high myopia (7.9%), coronary heart disease/CHD (40.3%), smoking (16%), and disability resulting from a general illness (12.6%). The rate of these entities varied from 11.1% to 69.4%, being most common in the refractory glaucoma group. Refractory glaucoma patients had a tendency&nbsp;to a slow return to topical treatment in the early postoperative period after glaucoma surgery, despite the lack of achieving target IOP. Conclusion: our study has demonstrated that IOP levels at the time of verified diagnosis directly correlate with the stage of newly diagnosed glaucoma and IOP levels in the setting of glaucoma treatment and predetermine&nbsp;future refractory disease. Moreover, PEX, PDS, DED, CHD, prior myocardial infarction, and disability resulting from a general illness are additional factors determining POAG resistance to treatment. Keywords: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, refractory, risk factors, progression. For citation: Fomin N.E., Zavadskiy P.Ch., Kuroedov A.V. et al. Risk factors affecting progression and course of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with different disease stages (multicenter study). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):80–90 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-2-80-90. <br

Salicaceae-Feeding Leaf-Mining Insects in Siberia: Distribution, Trophic Specialization, and Pest Status

International audienceThis paper provides an overview of the leaf-mining insect community feeding on willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) in Siberia. According to published data and our own observations, 50 leaf-mining insect species (i.e., 24 species of Lepidoptera, 15 Coleoptera, 6 Diptera, and 5 Hymenoptera) feed on those two plant genera in Siberia. Using an integrative approach combining field work, morphological and DNA barcoding analyses, we identified 32 leaf-mining insect species from 14 regions across Siberia (i.e. 64% of all leaf-mining species known on Salicaceae in this part of Russia). Among them, 26 species most often found in parks and botanical gardens, represented new faunistic records for several poorly explored regions of Siberia. We have more than doubled the list of Salicaceae-feeding leaf-mining insects in Tomsk oblast, Altai krai, and the Republic of Tuva, and for the first time provided data on leaf-miners for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The micromoth Phyllocnistis gracilistylella (Gracillariidae), recently described from Japan, was found on a new host plant (Salix caprea) in the south of Krasnoyarsk krai, is new for Russia. Eight leafmining insect species (i.e., five gracillariids: Phyllocnistis labyrinthella, Ph. unipunctella, Phyllonorycter apparella, Ph. sagitella, and Ph. populifoliella; two beetles: Zeugophora scutellaris and Isochnus sequensi; and one sawfly: Heterarthrus ochropoda) can outbreak on poplars, most often in urban plantations, botanical gardens, and plant nurseries in Siberia, and can also affect natural stands. Forty-five species of 50 leaf-mining insects known to feed on willow and poplar in Siberia also occur in Central and Eastern Europe. The remaining five species (Phyllocnistis gracilistylella, Phyllonorycter sibirica, Heterarthrus fasciatus, Tachyerges dauricus, and Isochnus arcticus) are recorded in Asia only. Species richness of the family Gracillariidae, the most diverse on Salicaceae in Siberia, displays 80% similarity to that in the European part of Russia and 71% to the Russian Far East. We discuss the faunal similarity of these regions and highlight the importance of applying an integrative approach combining ecological, morphological analyses, and DNA barcoding to explore and characterize the insect fauna of poorly studied regions of Asian part of Russia