Impact of Zinc Supplementation on Subsequent Morbidity and Growth in Bangladeshi Children With Persistent Diarrhoea

This study was conducted to explore whether supplementation of zinc to children during persistent diarrhoea has any subsequent effect on morbidity and growth. A prospective follow-up study was conducted among children, aged 3–24 months, with persistent diarrhoea, who participated earlier in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. During persistent diarrhoea, children were randomly allocated to receive either zinc in multivitamin syrup or only multivitamin syrup for two weeks. After recovering from diarrhoea, 76 children in the multi-vitamin syrup and 78 children in the zinc plus multivitamin syrup group were followed up for subsequent morbidity and growth. Weekly morbidity and two-weekly anthropometric data were collected for the subsequent 12 weeks. Data showed that episodes and duration of diarrhoea were reduced by 38% and 44% respectively with supplementation of zinc. There was no significant difference in the incidence or duration of respiratory tract infection between the zinc-supplemented and the non-supplemented group. Improved linear growth was observed in underweight children (weight-for-age <70% of the National Center for Health Statistics standard) who received zinc compared to those who did not receive

Impact of Zinc Deficiency on Vibrio Cholerae Enterotoxin-stimulated Water and Electrolyte Transport in Animal Model

The effect of zinc deficiency on the function of the intestine to absorb water and electrolytes was studied in animal models, stimulated by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. Sprague-Dawley rats, used in the study, were divided into four groups: Zinc-deficient, ad libitum zinc-fed control, zinc weight-matched control, and zinc-deficient acutely-repleted. 14C-labelled polyethylene glycol solution was used for measuring the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Significantly lower absorption of water and sodium per cm of the intestine was observed in the zinc-deficient animals compared to the ad libitum zinc-fed control animals (p&lt;0.01). An improved absorption capacity was equally observed in the zinc-deficient acutely-repleted animals and ad libitum zinc-fed control group. The zinc-deficient animals showed four times greater cholera toxin-induced net secretions of water and sodium compared to the ad libitum zinc-fed group (p&lt;0.01), while a 40% reduction was observed in the zinc-deficient acutely-repleted group. The results suggest that zinc deficiency is associated with reduced absorption of water and electrolytes and increased secretion of the same stimulated by cholera toxin

Impact of Zinc Supplementation on Subsequent Morbidity and Growth in Bangladeshi Children With Persistent Diarrhoea

This study was conducted to explore whether supplementation of zinc to children during persistent diarrhoea has any subsequent effect on morbidity and growth. A prospective follow-up study was conducted among children, aged 3-24 months, with persistent diarrhoea, who participated earlier in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. During persistent diarrhoea, children were randomly allocated to receive either zinc in multivitamin syrup or only multivitamin syrup for two weeks. After recovering from diarrhoea, 76 children in the multi-vitamin syrup and 78 children in the zinc plus multivitamin syrup group were followed up for subsequent morbidity and growth. Weekly morbidity and two-weekly anthropometric data were collected for the subsequent 12 weeks. Data showed that episodes and duration of diarrhoea were reduced by 38% and 44% respectively with supplementation of zinc. There was no significant difference in the incidence or duration of respiratory tract infection between the zincsupplemented and the non-supplemented group. Improved linear growth was observed in underweight children (weight-for-age &lt;70% of the National Center for Health Statistics standard) who received zinc compared to those who did not receive

The evolution of a Precambrian arc-related granulite facies gold deposit: Evidence from the Glenburgh deposit, Western Australia

Gold deposits are rare in upper-amphibolite to granulite facies environments. Known examples commonly attract debate about whether they formed under these conditions or instead represent metamorphosed, metasomatic, or superimposed (retrograde) mineralization. The Glenburgh gold deposit is located in the Paleoproterozoic upper-amphibolite to granulite facies Glenburgh Terrane in the southern Gascoyne Province of Western Australia. Gold at the Glenburgh deposit is free and disseminated within quartz–biotite–garnet gneiss, amphibolite, and (post-gold) quartz–chlorite veins. No clear association with a specific host lithology has been identified and mineralization does not have a visually distinct proximal alteration assemblage. The rocks hosting the deposit represent a distinct sedimentary package that was deposited, mineralized, buried, and metamorphosed, all during arc magmatism. Features within the internal structure of gold grains, such as high-purity gold veinlets, incoherent twinning, and low silver content, suggest the gold has been through post-depositional processes such as metamorphism and deformation. Abundant sulfide minerals are interpreted to have formed by sulfidation of the host rock contemporaneously with gold mineralization, and the presence of rounded sulfide inclusions within garnet porphyroblasts illustrates the presence of a sulfide phase prior to peak metamorphism. Geochronology of zircon and monazite constrains the timing of mineralization to be younger than c. 2035 Ma—the maximum depositional age of the metasedimentary host rocks—but older than c. 1991 Ma—the peak of M1 metamorphism during the Glenburgh Orogeny; these events were synchronous with arc magmatism. Rocks at the Glenburgh deposit were likely deposited in a fore-arc or accretionary wedge, a favourable setting for porphyry Cu–Mo–Au, epithermal Au, polymetallic (Sn, W) skarn, and orogenic Au mineralization. Phase equilibria modelling of a pelitic migmatite constrains peak P–T conditions to be 865–885 °C, 6.8–7.6 kbar, consistent with elevated thermal gradients within the arc, followed by conductive cooling of arc magmas. Partial melting during peak M1 metamorphism possible caused gold remobilization. The lack of an alteration assemblage further suggests that the alteration assemblage and mineralization were recrystallized during deformation and metamorphism. However, increases in Ca and K abundance and magnetic susceptibility decreases toward mineralization, suggesting that they may constitute ore vectors

A novel conceptual framework for examining environmental behaviour in large organisations: a case study of the Cornwall National Health Service (NHS) in the UK

This article is concerned with the development of a conceptual framework of the key antecedents that lead to sustainable environmental behavior amongst employees within a large organizational setting. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods was employed in the study to examine behavior. Using the Cornwall National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom as a case study, the research demonstrated that both organizational and individual/cognitive factors served as key predictors for sustainable waste behavior. However, these factors did not work in isolation but rather, within a dynamic, holistic, intrarelated, and interrelated conceptual framework to ultimately determine individual behavior. The results suggest the need to address both categories of variables when developing policies to achieve greater sustainability in the behavior of employees within large organization