Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections

We studied the antibiotic susceptibility of midstream urine isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections at Groote Schuur Hospital from 1986 to. 1991.The majority of the isolates was resistant to amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole, and the proportion of resistant Escherichia coli isolates increased during the study period. In a prospective 4-month study in 1991 we found that the vast majority of isolates was susceptible to aminoglycosides, amoxycillin/clavulanate, secondgeneration cephalosporins and the new fluoroquinolones. Based on these findings amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole should no longer be prescribed for urinary tract infections unless a susceptible isolate has been cultured.Appropriate empirical oral agents are expensive and not generally available in the public sector. There is an urgent need to make these agents available in the public sector, but their use should be restricted as widespread use for the treatment of other infections would inevitably lead to the development of resistance

Bio-banding in Sport: Applications to Competition, Talent Identification, and Strength and Conditioning of Youth Athletes

Bio-banding is the process of grouping athletes on the basis of attributes associated with growth and maturation, rather than chronological age. Children of the same age may vary considerably in biological maturation with some individuals maturing well in advance or delay of their peers. The timing of maturation has important implications for competition, talent identification and training. Increased awareness and interest in the subject of maturation has sparked a renewed interest in the study and application of bio-banding. This overview describes the purpose and process of bio-banding, potential benefits and limitations, and also presents some recent advances in its application in youth sports

The mental health and well-being profile of young adults using social media

The relationship between mental health and social media has received significant research and policy attention. However, there is little population-representative data about who social media users are which limits understanding of confounding factors between mental health and social media. Here we profile users of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population cohort (N = 4083). We provide estimates of demographics and mental health and well-being outcomes by platform. We find that users of different platforms and frequencies are not homogeneous. User groups differ primarily by sex and YouTube users are the most likely to have poorer mental health outcomes. Instagram and Snapchat users tend to have higher well-being than the other social media sites considered. Relationships between use-frequency and well-being differ depending on the specific well-being construct measured. The reproducibility of future research may be improved by stratifying by sex and being specific about the well-being constructs used