Chemical composition and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against three mosquito vectors

Background & objectives: In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origininsecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidalpotential of the essential oil from the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum DC [syn. Z. alatum Roxb](Rutaceae) against three medically important species of mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti, Anophelesstephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods: Essential oil was hydro distilled in the laboratory from the seeds obtained from the marketand the chemical constituents of the oil were determined using GC/GC-MS. Bioefficacy of theessential oil was evaluated under laboratory conditions using III instar mosquito larvae.Results: Among the three mosquito species tested, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most sensitive(LC50 = 49 ppm) followed by Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 54 ppm) and An. stephensi (LC50 = 58 ppm). GCMSanalysis of the oil revealed at least 28 compounds, consisting mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes(75%) and monoterpenes (22%). Linalool though constituted a major part (57%), failed to produceany appreciable mortality when tested alone.Interpretation & conclusion: From the results it can be concluded that the larvae of the three mosquitospecies were susceptible to the essential oil composition. Such findings would be useful in promotingresearch aiming at the development of new agent for mosquito control based on bioactive chemicalcompounds from indigenous plant sources as an alternative to chemical larvicides

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