ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI TANAH DI KOTA MANADO

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI TANAH DI KOTA MANADO Andika Presley Bintang, TRI Oldy Rotinsulu,  Daisy S.M. Engka Ekonomi Pembangunan – Fakultas Ekonomi dan BisnisUniversitas Sam ratulangi  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh luas tanah, topografi tanah, jarak tanah ke Central Bisnis Distrik (CBD), jarak tanah ke jalan utama, dan lebar jalan disekitar lingkungan tanah berpengaruh terhadap nilai tanah. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah bahwa luasan tanah berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai tanah, topografi tanah yang rata mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanah dengan topografi yang tidak rata, jarak tanah ke CBD berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai tanah, jarak tanah ke jalan utama berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai tanah, dan lebar jalan berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai tanah, dan kontur tanah yang rata mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanah dengan kontur yang tidak rata.Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda. variabel dependen yaitu nilai tanah yang mengacu pada nilai hasil survei lapangan dengan beberapa penyesuaian, sedangkan variabel independen yaitu luas tanah, topografi tanah, jarak tanah ke CBD, jarak tanah ke jalan utama, dan lebar jalan.Hasil penilaian yang diperoleh bahwa setiap pertambahan luas tanah akan aberdampak pada penurunan nilai tanah, topografi tanah yang datar memiliki nilai yang lebih ttinggi dibandingkan dengan topografi tanah yang tidak datar, setiap pertambahan jarak tanah ke CBD dan jarak tanah ke jalan utama berdampak pada penurunan nilai tanah serta pertambahan lebar jalan berdampak pada meningkatnya nilai tanah. Kata Kunci : Nilai Tanah, Luas Bidang Tanah, Jarak Tanah Ke CBD, Jarak Tanah ke Jalan Umum, Lebar Jalan ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to analyze the effect of land size, the topography of the land, the land distance to the Central Business District (CBD), the distance of the main road to the ground, and the width of the road around the soil environment affect the value of the land. The hypothesis is that the area of land negatively affect the value of the land, the topography of the land is flat has a higher value than the soil and the topography is uneven, the distance of the ground to the CBD negatively affect the value of the land, a distance of ground to main roads negatively affect the value of the land and the width of the positive effect on the value of land, and the flat contour of the land has a higher value than the soil with uneven contours.The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression. the dependent variable is the value of land which refers to the value of field survey with a few adjustments, while the independent variables are spacious land, land topography, soil distance to the CBD, within the main road to the ground, and the width of the road.The results of the assessment obtained that any increase in the area of land will affect the decrease in the value of the soil, the flat topography has a higher value than the uneven topography of the soil, any increase in the distance of the land to the CBD and the distance of land to the main road impacts on the decrease of land value As well as the increase in the width of roads have an impact on the increasing value of land.  Kata Kunci : The Value of land, Land Size, Soil distance of CBD, distance of Main Road, road widt

Identification of a Novel Light Intermediate Chain (D2LIC) for Mammalian Cytoplasmic Dynein 2

The diversity of dynein's functions in mammalian cells is a manifestation of both the existence of multiple dynein heavy chain isoforms and an extensive set of associated protein subunits. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel subunit of the mammalian cytoplasmic dynein 2 complex. The sequence similarity between this 33-kDa subunit and the light intermediate chains (LICs) of cytoplasmic dynein 1 suggests that this protein is a dynein 2 LIC (D2LIC). D2LIC contains a P-loop motif near its NH(2) terminus, and it shares a short region of similarity to the yeast GTPases Spg1p and Tem1p. The D2LIC subunit interacts specifically with DHC2 (or cDhc1b) in both reciprocal immunoprecipitations and sedimentation assays. The expression of D2LIC also mirrors that of DHC2 in a variety of tissues. D2LIC colocalizes with DHC2 at the Golgi apparatus throughout the cell cycle. On brefeldin A-induced Golgi fragmentation, a fraction of D2LIC redistributes to the cytoplasm, leaving behind a subset of D2LIC that is localized around the centrosome. Our results suggest that D2LIC is a bona fide subunit of cytoplasmic dynein 2 that may play a role in maintaining Golgi organization by binding cytoplasmic dynein 2 to its Golgi-associated cargo

Adaptor and Clathrin Exchange at the Plasma Membrane and trans-Golgi Network

We previously demonstrated, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, that clathrin in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane exchanges with free clathrin in the cytosol, suggesting that clathrin-coated pits are dynamic structures. We now investigated whether clathrin at the trans-Golgi network as well as the clathrin adaptors AP2 and AP1 in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network, respectively, also exchange with free proteins in the cytosol. We found that when the budding of clathrin-coated vesicle is blocked without significantly affecting the structure of clathrin-coated pits, both clathrin and AP2 at the plasma membrane and clathrin and AP1 at the trans-Golgi network exchange rapidly with free proteins in the cytosol. In contrast, when budding of clathrin-coated vesicles was blocked at the plasma membrane or trans-Golgi network by hypertonic sucrose or K(+) depletion, conditions that markedly affect the structure of clathrin-coated pits, clathrin exchange was blocked but AP2 at the plasma membrane and both AP1 and the GGA1 adaptor at the trans-Golgi network continue to rapidly exchange. We conclude that clathrin-coated pits are dynamic structures with rapid exchange of both clathrin and adaptors and that adaptors are able to exchange independently of clathrin when clathrin exchange is blocked

Function of Dynein and Dynactin in Herpes Simplex Virus Capsid Transport

After fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) capsids are transported along microtubules (MTs) from the cell periphery to the nucleus. The motor ATPase cytoplasmic dynein and its multisubunit cofactor dynactin mediate most transport processes directed toward the minus-ends of MTs. Immunofluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that HSV1 capsids colocalized with cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin. We blocked the function of dynein by overexpressing the dynactin subunit dynamitin, which leads to the disruption of the dynactin complex. We then infected such cells with HSV1 and measured the efficiency of particle binding, virus entry, capsid transport to the nucleus, and the expression of immediate-early viral genes. High concentrations of dynamitin and dynamitin-GFP reduced the number of viral capsids transported to the nucleus. Moreover, viral protein synthesis was inhibited, whereas virus binding to the plasma membrane, its internalization, and the organization of the MT network were not affected. We concluded that incoming HSV1 capsids are propelled along MTs by dynein and that dynein and dynactin are required for efficient viral capsid transport to the nucleus