Dynamic Separation of Chaotic Signals in the Presence of Noise

The problem of separation of an observed sum of chaotic signals into the individual components in the presence of noise on the path to the observer is considered. A noise threshold is found above which high-quality separation is impossible. Below the threshold, each signal is recovered with any prescribed accuracy. This effect is shown to be associated with the information content of the chaotic signals and a theoretical estimate is given for the threshold.Comment: PDF, 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Interplay of structural and electronic phase separation in single crystalline La(2)CuO(4.05) studied by neutron and Raman scattering

We report a neutron and Raman scattering study of a single-crystal of La(2)CuO(4.05) prepared by high temperature electrochemical oxidation. Elastic neutron scattering measurements show the presence of two phases, corresponding to the two edges of the first miscibility gap, all the way up to 300 K. An additional oxygen redistribution, driven by electronic energies, is identified at 250 K in Raman scattering (RS) experiments by the simultaneous onset of two-phonon and two-magnon scattering, which are fingerprints of the insulating phase. Elastic neutron scattering measurements show directly an antiferromagnetic ordering below a N\'eel temperature of T_N =210K. The opening of the superconducting gap manifests itself as a redistribution of electronic Raman scattering below the superconducting transition temperature, T_c = 24K. A pronounced temperature-dependent suppression of the intensity of the (100) magnetic Bragg peak has been detected below T_c. We ascribe this phenomenon to a change of relative volume fraction of superconducting and antiferromagnetic phases with decreasing temperature caused by a form of a superconducting proximity effect.Comment: 9 pages, including 9 eps figures, submitted to PR

Spin-Charge Separation in the t−Jt-J Model: Magnetic and Transport Anomalies

A real spin-charge separation scheme is found based on a saddle-point state of the $t-J$ model. In the one-dimensional (1D) case, such a saddle-point reproduces the correct asymptotic correlations at the strong-coupling fixed-point of the model. In the two-dimensional (2D) case, the transverse gauge field confining spinon and holon is shown to be gapped at {\em finite doping} so that a spin-charge deconfinement is obtained for its first time in 2D. The gap in the gauge fluctuation disappears at half-filling limit, where a long-range antiferromagnetic order is recovered at zero temperature and spinons become confined. The most interesting features of spin dynamics and transport are exhibited at finite doping where exotic {\em residual} couplings between spin and charge degrees of freedom lead to systematic anomalies with regard to a Fermi-liquid system. In spin dynamics, a commensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuation with a small, doping-dependent energy scale is found, which is characterized in momentum space by a Gaussian peak at ($\pi/a$, $\pi/a$) with a doping-dependent width ($\propto \sqrt{\delta}$, $\delta$ is the doping concentration). This commensurate magnetic fluctuation contributes a non-Korringa behavior for the NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate. There also exits a characteristic temperature scale below which a pseudogap behavior appears in the spin dynamics. Furthermore, an incommensurate magnetic fluctuation is also obtained at a {\em finite} energy regime. In transport, a strong short-range phase interference leads to an effective holon Lagrangian which can give rise to a series of interesting phenomena including linear-$T$ resistivity and $T^2$ Hall-angle. We discuss the striking similarities of these theoretical features with those found in the high-$T_c$ cuprates and give aComment: 70 pages, RevTex, hard copies of 7 figures available upon request; minor revisions in the text and references have been made; To be published in July 1 issue of Phys. Rev. B52, (1995

Microwave determination of the quasiparticle scattering time in YBa2Cu3O6.95

We report microwave surface resistance (Rs) measurements on two very-high-quality YBa2Cu3O6.95 crystals which exhibit extremely low residual loss at 1.2 K (2-6 μΩ at 2 GHz), a broad, reproducible peak at around 38 K, and a rapid increase in loss, by 4 orders of magnitude, between 80 and 93 K. These data provide one ingredient in the determination of the temperature dependence of the real part of the microwave conductivity, σ1(T), and of the quasiparticle scattering time. The other necessary ingredient is an accurate knowledge of the magnitude and temperature dependence of the London penetration depth, λ(T). This is derived from published data, from microwave data of Anlage, Langley, and co-workers and from, high-quality μSR data. We infer, from a careful analysis of all available data, that λ2(0)/λ2(T) is well approximated by the simple function 1-t2, where t=T/Tc, and that the low-temperature data are incompatible with the existence of an s-wave, BCS-like gap. Combining the Rs and λ(T) data, we find that σ1(T), has a broad peak around 32 K with a value about 20 times that at Tc. Using a generalized two-fluid model, we extract the temperature dependence of the quasiparticle scattering rate which follows an exponential law, exp(T/T0), where T0≊12 K, for T between 15 and 84 K. Such a temperature dependence has previously been observed in measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate. Both the uncertainties in our analysis and the implications for the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity are discussed

Expression, Purification, and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering of DNA Replication and Repair Proteins From the Hyperthermophile Sulfolobus Solfataricus

Vital molecular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, and maintenance occur through transient protein interactions. Elucidating the mechanisms by which these protein complexes and interactions function could lead to treatments for diseases related to DNA damage and cell division control. In the recent decades since its introduction as a third domain, Archaea have shown to be simpler models for complicated eukaryotic processes such as DNA replication, repair, transcription, and translation. Sulfolobus solfataricus is one such model organism. A hyperthermophile with an optimal growth temperature of 80°C, Sulfolobus protein-protein complexes and transient protein interactions should be more stable at moderate temperatures, providing a means to isolate and study their structure and function. Here we provide the initial steps towards characterizing three DNA-related Sulfolobus proteins with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS): Sso0257, a cell division control and origin recognition complex homolog, Sso0768, the small subunit of the replication factor C, and Sso3167, a Mut-T like protein. SAXS analysis was performed at multiple concentrations for both short and long exposure times. The Sso0257 sample was determined to be either a mixture of monomeric and dimeric states or a population of dynamic monomers in various conformational states in solution, consistent with a fl exible winged helix domain. Sso0768 was found to be a complex mixture of multimeric states in solution. Finally, molecular envelope reconstruction from SAXS data for Sso3167 revealed a novel structural component which may function as a disordered to ordered region in the presence of its substrates and/or protein partners

Effects of atmospheric refraction and turbulence on long-range IR imaging in the marine surface layer, Comparisons between experiment and simulation

EOSTAR, a PC based Windows application, integrates the required modules necessary to calculate the electro-optical sensor performance on the basis of standard meteorological data. The primary output of EOSTAR consists of the synthetic sensor image (“what does the sensor see?”) and a coverage diagram (“detection probability versus range”). As part of the EOSTAR validation effort, the refraction and turbulence modules are being evaluated against literature data, similar models and experimental results. It is shown that the EOSTAR model can predict with reasonable success the occurrence of optical turbulence and refraction phenomena such as mirages. The major cause for discrepancies between the various models is attributed to the underlying micrometeorological bulk modules, whereas the sensitivity of the predictions on the values of the meteorological input parameters is held responsible for the discrepancies between model predictions and measurements

Prediction and exploitation: the use of the EOSTAR model in the marine infrared propagation environment

Modern surface Navy ships require dependable and predictable communications, surveillance, and tracking systems. An accurate model for the propagation of infrared and optical frequencies through the atmosphere is a requirement for these systems, which operate over long nearly-horizontal paths that are close to the land or sea surface. The determination of the propagation environment for surface ships can be a difficult problem. The most critical portion is the 50-meter-thick surface layer containing the ship and extending to the horizon. Extended horizontal propagation paths within this atmospheric surface layer encounter relatively dynamic refractivity conditions. We will describe the application of the EOSTAR (Electro-Optical Signal Transmission and Ranging) model suite to provide accurate sensor performance predictions. The EOSTAR model is built upon a geometrical optics approach to infrared propagation: a ray is traced through the propagation environment, and path-dependent perturbations to the signal can be determined. EOSTAR is a valuable tool for prediction and exploitation of several phenomena common to this environment, and we will discuss the design and use of three individual modules within the EOSTAR suite: 1. Exploitation of a sub-refractive mirage to provide a passive ranging capability; 2. A path-dependent calculation of a refractive propagation factor, or geometric gain; 3. Exploitation of scintillation effects to provide an early detection capability, and the prediction of a signature frequency and variance to enable detection enhancement