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Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in a welder

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) syndrome is an uncommon entity characterised by emphysema of the upper lobes and diffuse fibrosis of the lower lobes and carries a bad prognosis with the onset of pulmonary hypertension. Lung involvement due to exposures suffered by welders is generally considered benign though, rarely, a diffuse interstitial fibrotic disease has been reported. CPFE syndrome has however never been reported in welders. A 65-year-old man, welder by occupation and an ex-smoker, presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea associated with dry cough noticed for the last four months. On examination, there was mild tachypnea, clubbing and bilateral basal velcro crepitations on chest auscultation. Lung function test revealed mild mixed ventilatory impairment with severe diffusion defect. HRCT chest showed bilateral upper lobe emphysema and diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed interstitial fibrosis, chronic inflammation and iron deposits. A diagnosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema (CPFE) with interstitial pulmonary siderofibrosis (IPS) was established. A review of literature did not show any other report of a similar nature

The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones and desire to eat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

UNLABELLED: Recent studies have demonstrated the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on adiponectin and leptin levels; however, those findings remain contested. The present study aimed to explore the impact of probiotics/synbiotics on appetite-regulating hormones and the desire to eat. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases from inception to December 2021, using relevant keywords and MeSH terms, and appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated as part of the meta-analysis using a random-effect model to determine the mean effect sizes. Analysis of Galbraith plots and the Cochrane Chi-squared test were conducted to examine heterogeneity. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of data from a total of 26 RCTs (n = 1536) showed a significant decrease in serum/plasma leptin concentration following probiotic/synbiotic supplementation (SMD: -0.38, 95%CI= -0.638, -0.124); P-value= 0.004; I(2)= 69.4%; P heterogeneity <0.001). The leptin level decrease from probiotic/synbiotic supplementation was higher in patients with NAFLD than those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus/ metabolic syndrome/ prediabetes. Probiotic/synbiotic supplementation was associated with a trending increase in adiponectin levels, stronger in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes (SMD: 0.25, 95%CI= 0.04, 0.46) µg/mL; P-value=0.021; I(2)=16.8%; P heterogeneity= 0.30). Additionally, supplementation with probiotic/synbiotic was linked to a slight increase in desire to eat (SMD: 0.34, 95%CI= 0.03, 0.66) P-value = 0.030; I(2)=39.4%; P heterogeneity= 0.16). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis indicates a favorable impact of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on regulating leptin and adiponectin secretion

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Not AvailableAgriculture is occupying about 38% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, the world’s largest use of land (Foley, J.A. et al. 2011). The agricultural community has had tremendous successes in massively increasing world food production over the past six decades and making food more affordable for the majority of the world’s population, despite a doubling in population. Global food demand will continue to increase for at least another 50 years – against a backdrop of growing competition for land, water, labor and energy and under threat from climate change. FAO projected that feeding a world population of about 9 billion people in 2050 would require raising overall food production by at least 70 % (FAO, 2009). India with a land area of merely 2.4 per cent of the world's area is a home to 15 per cent of the global population (1.1 billion out of 7.3 billion). India is also rapidly urbanizing with 7.3 million people moving into urban centers every year. In India per capita arable land availability has declined from 0.29 ha in 1965-66 to 0.14 ha in 2011-12 (Fertilizers Statistics 2013-14) and will shrink to less than 0.08 ha in 2025. Currently almost 46 percent of India’s geographical area is under agriculture. A large percentage of this land falls in rain-fed regions generating 55 percent of the country’s agricultural output, providing food to 40 percent of the nation’s population (Ahmad et al., 2011; Planning Commission, 2012). More than 80 percent of the farmers are smallholder producers, with very poor capacity and resources to deal with the vagaries of weather and changes in climate. This necessitates that India needs a strategy to increase food production at one side and also keeping pace to equalize the negative effects of change in climate.Network Project on Organic Farming, ICA

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Not AvailableThe mineralogical compositions alongwith physical, chemical, elemental and mineralogical properties of four pedons occurring along a toposequence in Chhota Urla village (Abhanpur tehsil) Raipur district of _ Chhattisgarh state were studied. Landform had significant influence on physical, 1 chemical, elemental and mineralogical properties of soils. Sand content decreased from higher topography to lower topography but clay content increased with decrease in elevation. pH of pedons ranged from strongly acid to moderately alkaline and CEC increased from upland to lowland. Quartz being dominant in sand fraction and absence of primary minerals like Ca-feldspar, K-feldspar indicated intense weathering of soils. Silt had quartz as dominant mineral followed by Ca- feldspar and K-feldspar. Kaolin was dominant mineral in clay fractions of Pedons I and 2 (PI and P2) with sub-ordinate amount of smectite while smectite was dominant in other two pedons followed by kaolin. Huge amount of smectite which is first weathering product of plagioclase, did not find its parental legacy with underlying geology (sandstone, limestone and shale sequence) indicative of mixed alluvium, eroded from different geological formation and contradicted the occurrence of catenary sequence as reported earlier.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe application of new and novel strategies to develop effective vaccines is essential in aquaculture health management. The bacterial biofilm-based oral vaccine development is an innovative technique. Biofilm-based vaccines have very good gastrointestinal stability in comparison with vaccines from conventional free cells (whole bacterial cell) of bacteria. Biofilms are produced by growing bacteria in a nutrient depleted condition providing a substrate for its attachment. The biofilm thus produced, inactivated and delivered orally to various fish species have demonstrated good humoral and protective response than with free cell-based vaccines. The studies have been reported from herbivore carps, omnivore catfish, and carnivore murrel. This review provides the overview of recent advances in bacterial biofilm-based oral vaccinedevelopment for aquaculture species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe mineralogical compositions and some relevant soil properties of four pedons occurring along toposequence in Chhota Urla village of Abhanpur tehsil, Raipur district of Chhattisgarh, were studied. Landform had large influence on physical, chemical, elemental and mineralogical properties of soils. Sand content decreased from higher topography to lower one but it was reverse for clay. pH ranged from strongly acid (P1 - Upland Bhata soils) to moderately alkaline (P4- Lowland Kanhar soils) and CEC increased from upland to lowland. euartz was dominant in sand fractions but lack in Ca-feldspar, K-feldspar indicating intense weathering condition. Silt fraction had quartz as dominant mineral followed by Ca-feldspar and K-feldspar. Pedon Pl and P2 (Midland Matasi soils) had kaolin as dominant mineral with sub-ordinate amount of smectite while smectite was dominant in P3 (Midland Dorsa soils) and P4 followed by kaolin in clay fraction. Huge amount of smectite, first weathering product of plagioclase in p3 and P4, did not find its parental legacy with underlying geologz indicative of mixed alluvium, eroded from different geological formation.Not Availabl

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The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on lipid parameters among patients with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Although the available evidence emphasizes the beneficial effects of probiotics in normalizing various cardiometabolic markers, there is still substantial uncertainty in this regard. Thus, we set out to determine the effect sizes of probiotics on blood lipid parameters more coherently. A systematic literature search of the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases was conducted from inception to February 12, 2021, applying both MeSH terms and free text terms to find the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effect model to calculate the mean effect sizes demonstrated as weighted mean differences (WMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). To explore the heterogeneity, the Cochrane Chi-squared test, and analysis of Galbraith plots were performed. Meta-analysis of data from 40 RCTs (n = 2795) indicated a significant decrease in serum/plasma triglyceride (WMD (95%CI) -12.26 (-17.11- -7.41) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%)= 29.9; P heterogeneity = 0.034)), total cholesterol (with high heterogeneity) (WMD (95%CI) -8.43 (-11.90- -4.95) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%) =56.8; P heterogeneity < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD (95%CI) -5.08 (-7.61, -2.56) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%) =42.7; P heterogeneity =0.002), and HDL-C (with high heterogeneity) (WMD (95%CI) 1.14 (0.23, 2.05) mg/dL; P-value =0.014; I2 (%) = 59.8; P heterogeneity < 0.001) following receiving probiotic/synbiotic supplements. Collectively, the current preliminary evidence supports the effectiveness of probiotics/synbiotics in improving dyslipidemia and various lipid parameters more prominently among subjects with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, large and well conducted RCTs are required to provide further convincing support for these results