322 research outputs found
The dynamism of salt crust patterns on playas
Playas are common in arid environments and can be major sources of mineral dust that can influence global climate. These landforms typically form crusts that limit evaporation and dust emission, modify surface erosivity and erodibility, and can lead to over prediction or under prediction of (1) dust-emission potential and (2) water and heat fluxes in energy balance modeling. Through terrestrial laser scanning measurements of part of the Makgadikgadi Pans of Botswana (a Southern Hemisphere playa that emits significant amounts of dust), we show that over weeks, months, and a year, the shapes of these surfaces change considerably (ridge thrusting of >30 mm/week) and can switch among continuous, ridged, and degraded patterns. Ridged pattern development changes the measured aerodynamic roughness of the surface (as much as 3 mm/week). The dynamic nature of these crusted surfaces must be accounted for in dust entrainment and moisture balance formulae to improve regional and global climate models
Time optimal information transfer in spintronics networks
Propagation of information encoded in spin degrees of freedom through networks of coupled spins enables important applications in spintronics and quantum information processing. We study control of information propagation in rings of -spins with uniform nearest neighbour couplings forming a ring with a single excitation in the network as simple prototype of a router for spin-based information. Specifically optimising spatially distributed potentials, which remain constant during information transfer, simplifies the implementation of the routing scheme. However, the limited degrees of freedom makes finding a control that maximises the transfer probability in a short time difficult. The structure of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors must fulfill a specific condition to be able to maximise the transfer fidelity. While there are many potential structures that fulfill this condition, we choose a specific one, which in turn significantly improves the solutions found by optimal control
The Proof of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa Conjecture and application to the mass gap and confinement problems
Using generalized Konishi anomaly equations, it is known that one can
express, in a large class of supersymmetric gauge theories, all the chiral
operators expectation values in terms of a finite number of a priori arbitrary
constants. We show that these constants are fully determined by the requirement
of gauge invariance and an additional anomaly equation. The constraints so
obtained turn out to be equivalent to the extremization of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa
quantum glueball superpotential, with all terms (including the
Veneziano-Yankielowicz part) unambiguously fixed. As an application, we fill
non-trivial gaps in existing derivations of the mass gap and confinement
properties in super Yang-Mills theories.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected; references, a note on
Kovner-Shifman vacua (section 4.3) and a few clarifying comments in Section 3
added; v3: cosmetic changes, JHEP versio
Orientability and energy minimization in liquid crystal models
Uniaxial nematic liquid crystals are modelled in the Oseen-Frank theory
through a unit vector field . This theory has the apparent drawback that it
does not respect the head-to-tail symmetry in which should be equivalent to
-. This symmetry is preserved in the constrained Landau-de Gennes theory
that works with the tensor .We study
the differences and the overlaps between the two theories. These depend on the
regularity class used as well as on the topology of the underlying domain. We
show that for simply-connected domains and in the natural energy class
the two theories coincide, but otherwise there can be differences
between the two theories, which we identify. In the case of planar domains we
completely characterise the instances in which the predictions of the
constrained Landau-de Gennes theory differ from those of the Oseen-Frank
theory
Transfer Of A Preterm Baby From A Natural Womb
The present invention relates to a transfer assembly for transferring a preterm baby from a natural womb of a pregnant mammal to a transfer bag. The present invention further relates to a kit-of-parts for assembling a transfer assembly. Also the present invention relates to a transfer device and/or a birth canal retractor for use in a transfer assembly of the present invention. An alternative transfer device is provided as well. Further, the present invention relates to a method for transferring a preterm baby from a natural womb of a pregnant mammal to a transfer bag
Simulation-based development: shaping clinical procedures for extra-uterine life support technology
Background Research into Artificial Placenta and Artifcial Womb (APAW) technology for extremely premature infants (born < 28 weeks of gestation) is currently being conducted in animal studies and shows promising results. Because of the unprecedented nature of a potential treatment and the high-risk and low incidence of occurrence, translation to the human condition is a complex task. Consequently, the obstetric procedure, the act of transferring the infant from the pregnant woman to the APAW system, has not yet been established for human patients. The use of simulation-based user-centered development allows for a safe environment in which protocols and devices can be conceptualized and tested. Our aim is to use participatory design principles in a simulation context, to gain and inte‑ grate the user perspectives in the early design phase of a protocol for this novel procedure.Methods Simulation protocols and prototypes were developed using an iterative participatory design approach; usability testing, including general and task specifc feedback, was obtained from participants with clinical expertise from a range of disciplines. The procedure made use of fetal and maternal manikins and included animations and protocol task cards.Results Physical simulation with the active participation of clinicians led to the difusion of tacit knowledge and an iteratively formed shared understanding of the requirements and values that needed to be implemented in the procedure. At each sequel, participant input was translated into simulation protocols and design adjustments.Conclusion This work demonstrates that simulation-based participatory design can aid in shaping the future of clinical procedure and product development and rehearsing future implementation with healthcare professional
Simulation-based development: shaping clinical procedures for extra-uterine life support technology
Background Research into Artificial Placenta and Artifcial Womb (APAW) technology for extremely premature infants (born < 28 weeks of gestation) is currently being conducted in animal studies and shows promising results. Because of the unprecedented nature of a potential treatment and the high-risk and low incidence of occurrence, translation to the human condition is a complex task. Consequently, the obstetric procedure, the act of transferring the infant from the pregnant woman to the APAW system, has not yet been established for human patients. The use of simulation-based user-centered development allows for a safe environment in which protocols and devices can be conceptualized and tested. Our aim is to use participatory design principles in a simulation context, to gain and inte‑ grate the user perspectives in the early design phase of a protocol for this novel procedure.Methods Simulation protocols and prototypes were developed using an iterative participatory design approach; usability testing, including general and task specifc feedback, was obtained from participants with clinical expertise from a range of disciplines. The procedure made use of fetal and maternal manikins and included animations and protocol task cards.Results Physical simulation with the active participation of clinicians led to the difusion of tacit knowledge and an iteratively formed shared understanding of the requirements and values that needed to be implemented in the procedure. At each sequel, participant input was translated into simulation protocols and design adjustments.Conclusion This work demonstrates that simulation-based participatory design can aid in shaping the future of clinical procedure and product development and rehearsing future implementation with healthcare professional
Effective Electromagnetic Lagrangian at Finite Temperature and Density in the Electroweak Model
Using the exact propagators in a constant magnetic field, the effective
electromagnetic Lagrangian at finite temperature and density is calculated to
all orders in the field strength B within the framework of the complete
electroweak model, in the weak coupling limit. The partition function and free
energy are obtained explicitly and the finite temperature effective coupling is
derived in closed form. Some implications of this result, potentially
interesting to astrophysics and cosmology, are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, Revtex
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