The mammalian gene function resource: The International Knockout Mouse Consortium

In 2007, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) made the ambitious promise to generate mutations in virtually every protein-coding gene of the mouse genome in a concerted worldwide action. Now, 5 years later, the IKMC members have developed highthroughput gene trapping and, in particular, gene-targeting pipelines and generated more than 17,400 mutant murine embryonic stem (ES) cell clones and more than 1,700 mutant mouse strains, most of them conditional. A common IKMC web portal (www.knockoutmouse.org) has been established, allowing easy access to this unparalleled biological resource. The IKMC materials considerably enhance functional gene annotation of the mammalian genome and will have a major impact on future biomedical research

Development of energy-dispersive diffraction methods with application to rock and cement research

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN038981 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Chemical imaging of catalytic solids with synchrotron radiation

Heterogeneous catalysis is a term normally used to describe a group of catalytic processes, yet it could equally be employed to describe the catalytic solid itself. A better understanding of the chemical and structural variation within such materials is thus a pre-requisite for the rationalising of structure–function relationships and ultimately to the design of new, more sustainable catalytic processes. The past 20 years has witnessed marked improvements in technologies required for analytical measurements at synchrotron sources, including higher photon brightness, nano-focusing, rapid, high resolution data acquisition and in the handling of large volumes of data. It is now possible to image materials using the entire synchrotron radiative profile, thus heralding a new era of in situ/operando measurements of catalytic solids. In this tutorial review we discuss the recent work in this exciting new research area and finally conclude with a future outlook on what will be possible/challenging to measure in the not-too-distant future

Chemical probing within catalyst bodies by diagonal offset Raman spectroscopy

A vibrational fingerprint: A Raman technique has been developed to retrieve spatiotemporal chemical information from millimeter-sized catalyst bodies under preparation. An incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al2O3 catalysts with ammonium heptamolybdate was followed. Diagonal offset Raman spectroscopy was able to distinguish between surface, subsurface, and bulk phase of the catalyst bodies

Chemical probing within catalyst bodies by diagonal offset Raman spectroscopy

A vibrational fingerprint: A Raman technique has been developed to retrieve spatiotemporal chemical information from millimeter-sized catalyst bodies under preparation. An incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al2O3 catalysts with ammonium heptamolybdate was followed. Diagonal offset Raman spectroscopy was able to distinguish between surface, subsurface, and bulk phase of the catalyst bodies

Tomographic Energy Dispersive Diffraction Imaging as a Tool To Profile in Three Dimensions the Distribution and Composition of Metal Oxide Species in Catalyst Bodies

Catalyst extrudate in 3D: Through the use of tomographic energy dispersive diffraction imaging it is possible to obtain detailed three-dimensional insight into the metal oxide distribution inside a catalyst extrudate during its preparation. The picture shows such a 3D map of an extrudate along with examples of the detector signal for two different locations in the catalyst. (Graph Presented). © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Spatiotemporal multitechnique imaging of a catalytic solid in action: phase variation and volatilization during molybdenum oxide reduction

Caught in the act: A novel combined experimental setup is demonstrated, which uses very high energy/flux synchrotron X-rays and allows the measurement of spatiotemporal data on larger reactors and the use of techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy and Compton scattering. Wide-angle X-ray and Compton scattering reveal information on the causes of molybdenum volatilization in partial oxidation catalysts

An iron molybdate catalyst for methanol to formaldehyde conversion prepared by a hydrothermal method and its characterization

A one-step, low-temperature hydrothermal method has been successfully employed to prepare iron molybdate catalysts with Mo:Fe ratios ranging from 1.5:1 to 3.0:1. The resulting materials were characterized using a number of techniques including: XRD, Raman, N2 adsorption, SEM/EDX, DTA, EDXRD and combined XRD/XAS. The catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde has been used as a test reaction. For Mo:Fe 1.5, phase-pure Fe2(MoO4)3 resulted from syntheses performed at temperatures as low as 100 °C in under 4 h. For samples with a Mo:Fe 3 detailed analysis of XRD, Raman and EXAFS data revealed the formation of a high surface area possessing, mixed phase material consisting of a poorly crystalline Mo5O14 and an amorphous Fe2(MoO4)3 type precursor. Both phases proved to be thermally unstable above a calcination temperature of 300 °C, going on to form high surface area mixed Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3. Continued heating of this mixed oxide material resulted in sintering and to a decrease in the surface area. When both mildly (200 °C) and then more severely calcined (300 °C), this mixed phase sample showed a higher selectivity for formaldehyde production than a conventionally prepared (via co-precipitation) iron molybdate catalyst