Clinical Profiles, Outcomes, and Sex Differences of Patients With STEMI: Findings From the NORIN-STEMI Registry

Background: Low- and middle-income countries account for most of the global burden of coronary artery disease. There is a paucity of data regarding epidemiology and outcomes for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in these regions. Objectives: The authors studied the contemporary characteristics, practice patterns, outcomes, and sex differences in patients with STEMI in India. Methods: NORIN-STEMI (North India ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Registry) is an investigator-initiated prospective cohort study of patients presenting with STEMI at tertiary medical centers in North India. Results: Of 3,635 participants, 16% were female patients, one-third were &lt;50 years of age, 53% had a history of smoking, 29% hypertension, and 24% diabetes. The median time from symptom onset to coronary angiography was 71 hours; the majority (93%) presented first to a non-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable facility. Almost all received aspirin, statin, P2Y12 inhibitors, and heparin on presentation; 66% were treated with PCI (98% femoral access) and 13% received fibrinolytics. The left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 46% of patients. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 9% and 11%, respectively. Compared with male patients, female patients were less likely to receive PCI (62% vs 73%; P < 0.0001) and had a more than 2-fold greater 1-year mortality (22% vs 9%; adjusted HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.7-2.7; P <0.001). Conclusions: In this contemporary registry of patients with STEMI in India, female patients were less likely to receive PCI after STEMI and had a higher 1-year mortality compared with male patients. These findings have important public health implications, and further efforts are required to reduce these gaps

Development of phase change materials based microencapsulated technology for buildings: A review

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems using phase change material (PCM) have been recognized as one of the most advanced energy technologies in enhancing the energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Now the research is focus on suitable method to incorporate PCMs with building. There are several methods to use phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage (TES) for different applications. Microencapsulation is one of the well known and advanced technologies for better utilization of PCMs with building parts, such as, wall, roof and floor besides, within the building materials. Phase change materials based microencapsulation for latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) systems for building application offers a challenging option to be employed as effective thermal energy storage and a retrieval device. Since the particular interest in using microencapsulation PCMs for concrete and wall/wallboards, the specific research efforts on both subjects are reviewed separately. This paper presents an overview of the previous research work on microencapsulation technology for thermal energy storage incorporating the phase change materials (PCMs) in the building applications, along with few useful conclusive remarks concluded from the available literature.Phase change material Microencapsulation technology Thermal energy storage systems Building applications

Exergetic and energetic evaluation of a modified tc-CO2 refrigeration system assisted with an absorption chiller using natural refrigerants

Transcritical CO2 (tc-CO2) refrigeration system is a pertinent option for refrigeration at low temperature, but it has high energy consumption with low coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency. Thermodynamic properties of CO2 are favorable to be used as refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and very low global warming potential (GWP). The tc-CO2 system rejects a huge amount of energy at higher temperature in the gas cooler which can be utilized to run the absorption chiller and produce desired cooling effect, in various combinations. The current research focuses on the energy and exergy analysis of a tc-CO2 refrigeration system that aspires to accomplish low-temperature refrigeration. A single-effect absorption chiller is used to give subcooling to the tc-CO2 refrigeration system, which is powered by the heat available at high temperatures and pressures at the exit of the compression process of the former system, rather than any other external heat source. A work recovery turbine is also used as the expansion device to reduce throttling losses and electricity consumption to power the integrated system. The parametric study reveals that there is a significant improvement in the refrigerating capacity, COP and exergetic efficiency of the system

Energy and exergy analyses of thermal power plants: A review

The energy supply to demand narrowing down day by day around the world, the growing demand of power has made the power plants of scientific interest, but most of the power plants are designed by the energetic performance criteria based on first law of thermodynamics only. The real useful energy loss cannot be justified by the fist law of thermodynamics, because it does not differentiate between the quality and quantity of energy. The present study deals with the comparison of energy and exergy analyses of thermal power plants stimulated by coal and gas. This article provides a detailed review of different studies on thermal power plants over the years. This review would also throw light on the scope for further research and recommendations for improvement in the existing thermal power plants.Exergy Energy Rankine cycle Brayton cycle Co-generation

Characterization of coke on hds catalysts and a novel approach to catalyst regeneration

This paper examines the characterization of coke on hds catalysts and a novel approach to catalyst regeneration

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Not AvailableEleven New World Camelids microsatellite primer pairs were used to investigate the genetic polymorphism in Bikaneri camel. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and polymerase chain reactions were carried out for 30 unrelated camels of Bikaneri breed. Microsatellite technique was used for analysis of DNA. The amplification products were resolved in 6%(denaturing) urea PAGE and stained with silver nitrate. Six microsatellite primer pairs could amplify the polymorphic microsatellite loci in Bikaneri camel. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 5. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.289 to 0.686 and the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.267 to 0.639. The results indicated the utility of these microsatellite loci for studying genetic polymorphism in Indian dromedary and the potential use of microsatellite markers for further genetic investigations including individual identification, parentage testing and production enhancement.Not Availabl

Yield and composition of fcc stripper coke from mat and fluidized-bed reactors

This paper examines the yield and composition of fcc stripper coke from mat and fluidized-bed reactors

An experimental protocol to evaluate FCC stripper performance in terms of coke yield and composition

Tests have been conducted in a microactivity test (MAT) and a fluidized bed reactor to develop an experimental protocol to determine how the yield and composition of coke and the associated catalyst surface area vary as a function of stripper conditions in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). In both reactors, the use of rapid quenching has allowed the relatively short stripping times encountered in FCC units to be simulated. Low sulphur vacuum gas oils (VGO) with a low metal equilibrium catalyst (E-cat) were used for stripping periods of up to 20 minutes. Significant variations occur in the structure of both hard and soft coke during stripping. Although the hard coke becomes more highly condensed with prolonged stripping, the surface area reduction by the hard coke remains fairly constant for stripping periods in excess of ca. 5-10 minutes and is small (10m2 g-1) in relation to the loss of surface area from the soft coke. The use of about 70 g of catalyst in the fluidized bed provides sufficient sample for demineralization to recover sufficient of the hard coke for 13C NMR analysis after the initial extraction of the soft coke. Indeed, it has been found that a further pool of soft (chloroform soluble) coke is physically entrapped within the catalyst pore structure and is only released after demineralization. In fact, this second soft coke fraction is much more highly aromatic than the first and ultimately controls the final coke yield. For the combination of E-cat and VGOs investigated here, typically about half of the final hard coke content of nearly 1% w/w catalyst is derived from this second soft coke fraction by carbonization. The structural information obtained has been used to formulate a model for the stripping process where the soft coke II fraction undergoes cracking in competition with coke formation and evaporative removal from the catalyst