Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota

Morphology, Phylogeny and Culture Characteristics of Ganoderma gibbosum Collected from Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae. Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented. Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions. This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled basidiospores. Here, we report on eight collections of G. gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Total DNA of the eight G. gibbosum strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit following manufacturer protocol. Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrITS) region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rDNA gene (LSU). Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to G. gibbosum showed that all eight collections grouped with G. gibbosum with 100% bootstrap support. Phylogenetic similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of G. gibbosum are discussed

Linking ectomycorrhizal mushroom species richness and composition with dominant trees in a tropical seasonal rainforest

Vegetation, elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species richness. ECM sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribution of ECM mushrooms with Castonopsis echinocarpa, Parashorea chinensis, and Pittosporopsis kerrii with varying elevations and soil temperatures, in a tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. For each tree species, 60 trees of approximately the same size were selected, where half of them were growing at higher elevation levels and the rest at lower levels. The highest total counts of ECM fungi, as well as the highest species richness were produced by P. chinensis followed by C. echinocarpa and P. kerrii. Highest species richness was shown in September by P. chinensis, while P. kerrii trees had the lowest count of mushrooms across rainy seasons. Species of Boletales were recorded with highest species richness followed by species of order Agaricales around both C.echinocarpa and P.chinensis. ECM fungi count declined with increased elevation. Furthermore, fungi species richness increased positively with increased soil temperature in a tropical seasonal rainforest

First successful domestication of a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand

Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries. In this study, we collected, identified, and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand. The brown strain of A. cornea is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in Asia. Since both white and brown phenotypes of A. cornea belong to a single species, we established their similarities or differences. Both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white A. cornea strain in the same clade with the brown A. cornea. Nutritional analysis showed that fat, fiber, protein, and total soluble sugar contents of the white A. cornea were significantly higher than the commercially used brown strain. The melanin content of the white strain of A. cornea (less than 1.5 mg/100g) was not significantly different from that of the brown strain. This discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia

Phylogenetic revision of Camarosporium (Pleosporineae, Dothideomycetes) and allied genera

A concatenated dataset of LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1 DNA sequence data was analysed to investigate the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Camarosporium in Pleosporineae (Dothideomycetes). Newly generated sequences from camarosporium-like taxa collected from Europe (Italy) and Russia form a well-supported monophyletic clade within Pleosporineae. A new genus Camarosporidiella and a new family Camarosporidiellaceae are established to accommodate these taxa. Four new species, Neocamarosporium korfii, N. lamiacearum, N. salicorniicola and N. salsolae, constitute a strongly supported clade with several known taxa for which the new family, Neocamarosporiaceae, is introduced. The genus Staurosphaeria based on S. lycii is resurrected and epitypified, and shown to accommodate the recently introduced genus Hazslinszkyomyces in Coniothyriaceae with significant statistical support. Camarosporium quaternatum, the type species of Camarosporium and Camarosporomyces flavigena cluster together in a monophyletic clade with significant statistical support and sister to the Leptosphaeriaceae. To better resolve interfamilial/intergeneric level relationships and improve taxonomic understanding within Pleosporineae, we validate Camarosporiaceae to accommodate Camarosporium and Camarosporomyces. The latter taxa along with other species are described in this study

Families of Diaporthales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence

Diaporthales is an important ascomycetous order comprising phytopathogenic, saprobic, and endophytic fungi, but interfamilial taxonomic relationships are still ambiguous. Despite its cosmopolitan distribution and high diversity with distinctive morphologies, this order has received relativelyiaceae, Macrohilaceae, Melanconidaceae, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, Schizoparmaceae, Stilbosporaceae and Sydowiellaceae. Taxonomic uncertainties among genera are also clarified and recurrent discrepancies in the taxonomic position of families within the Diaporthales are discussed. An updated outline and key to families and genera of the order is presented