Non-metal sensory electrode design and protocol of DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses

Sensory protocols for evaluation of DNA distortion due to exposure to various harmful chemicals and environments in living cells are needed for research and clinical investigations. Here, a design of non-metal sensory (NMS) electrode was built by using boron-doped carbon spherules for detection of DNA nucleobases, namely, guanine (Gu), adenine (Ad), and thymine (Th) in living cells. The key-electrode based nanoscale NMS structures lead to voids with a facile diffusion, and strong binding events of the DNA nucleobases. Furthermore, the NMS geometric structures would significantly create electrode surfaces with numerous centrally active sites, curvature topographies, and anisotropic spherules. The NMS shows potential as sensitive protocol for DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses. In one-step signaling assay, NMS shows high signaling transduction of Gu-, Ad-, and Th-DNA nucleobases targets with ultra-sensitive and low detection limits of 3.0, 0.36, and 0.34 nM, respectively, and a wide linear range of up to 1 μM. The NMS design and protocol show evidence of the role of surface construction features and B-atoms incorporated into the graphitic carbon network for creating abundant active sites with facile electron diffusion and heavily target loads along with within-/out-plane circular spheres. Indeed NMS, with spherule-rich interstitial surfaces can be used for sensitive and selective evaluation of damaged-DNA to various dysfunctional metabolism in the human body

Promising prospective effects of Withania somnifera on broiler performance and carcass characteristics: A comprehensive review

Poultry production contributes markedly to bridging the global food gap. Many nations have limited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to increasing bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance, as well as the presence of antibiotic residues in edible tissues of the birds. Consequently, the world is turning to use natural alternatives to improve birds' productivity and immunity. Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha or winter cherry, is abundant in many countries of the world and is considered a potent medicinal herb because of its distinct chemical, medicinal, biological, and physiological properties. This plant exhibits antioxidant, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antistress, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and growth-promoting activities. In poultry, dietary inclusion of W. somnifera revealed promising results in improving feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio, as well as reducing mortality, increasing livability, increasing disease resistance, reducing stress impacts, and maintaining health of the birds. This review sheds light on the distribution, chemical structure, and biological effects of W. somnifera and its impacts on poultry productivity, livability, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters, immune response, and economic efficiency

Spectroscopic and semiempirical investigation of the structural features of hetarylazo-5-isoxazolones tautomerism

3-Methyl-4-hetarylazo-5-isoxazolones (I–IV) have been synthesized and investigated on the basis of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–visible (UV–Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The measured FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra together with the theoretical calculations (semiempirical) showed that the investigated compounds exist in the hydrazone-keto form in the solid state and chloroform. However, the measured UV–Vis electronic absorption spectra in solutions clarified that the hetarylazo-5-isoxazolone dyes possess equilibrium between hydrazone-keto and common anion forms depending upon the nature of the medium. Furthermore, these dyes display a broad absorption band in the visible region (between 370 and 435 nm) which could be assigned to π–π∗ transition with a considerable intramolecular charge transfer (CT) character