Human coronaviruses that can cause emergencies

The first coronavirus NСoV-B814 was isolated from humans in 1965 and did not survive to the present time. For a long time, it was believed that coronaviruses were not pathogenic to humans. They were not included in the list of particularly dangerous infections and represented a serious problem exclusively in veterinary medicine. But in 2002, after the SARS outbreak, scientists’ opinions changed. A new subtype of the coronavirus called SARS-CoV penetrated the human population. In 2012, it was possible to discover natural foci of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. The epidemic of a new coronavirus infection that emerged in late 2019 and early 2020 attracted the attention of scientists around the world. The priority was a detailed and close study of all the varieties of this virus. This review describes seven types of coronaviruses that can cause emergencies in populations around the world

ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF ANTHRAX IN THE ROSTOV REGION ON THE BASIS OF NEW COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose: improvement of epidemiological surveillance of anthrax in the Rostov region with the use of a geoinformational system (GIS). Materials and methods: for GIS development soil maps of «The Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia» are used; information on incidence of anthrax provided by experts of «The Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region» from 1990 to 2014; computer Quantum GIS 2.2 program. Results: GIS allows carrying out the multiple-factor analysis, to reveal patterns of anthrax spread among people and animals, to carry out the comparative historical analysis of data, to monitor dynamics and a trend of incidence. Summary: GIS information will form a basis for the analysis, planning and implementation of epidemiological and veterinary surveillance in the Rostov region

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF SOME EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PRE-CONDITIONS TO CIRCULATION OF THE VIRUS OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS ОN THE TERRITORY OF THE ROSTOV REGION

Purpose: To study the rate of infection of population of the Rostov region by the virus of tick-borne encephalitis (TVE) and in analyzing the pre-conditions of its possible circulation.Materials and methods: Data from relevant literature sources, results of regional entomological study, blood sera samples from donors of the Rostov regions and patients of infectious and neurologic units at the Rostov hospitals in 2009-2012 have 39Медицинский вестник Юга России ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИbeen used as the material for analysis. We have used methods of scientific and informational search, as well as analytical and immunoserological methods.Results: Results of the study have revealed the existence of Ig G class antibodies to the etiological agent of encephalitis in donor blood sera on the territory of five areas and two cities. In blood sera of the patients of neurologic and infectious units of the Rostov hospitals the Ig G antibodies to the virus of tick-borne encephalitis haven’t been found. Existence of favorable conditions as well as forest resources along with the prevalence of I. ricinus tick species and animals - potential reservoirs of the virus - serve as prerequisites for virus circulation in northern and northwestern areas of the Rostov region.Summary: For determination of virus circulation there is will be necessary to study the existence of the virus of tick-borne encephalitis in vectors-ticks and their possible hosts

Results of the Triennial Monitoring over the Ship’s Ballast Water at the Ports of the Rostov-Region

Demonstrated are the results of microbiological monitoring over the ship’s ballast water at the sea ports of the Rostov region. Analyzed for the presence of Vibrio cholerae are the samples of the ship’s ballast water collected within the period of May-September 2010-2012, a total of 179 samples collected from 127 ships. Among 30 V. cholerae non O1/ non O139 strains isolated in 2010-2011 only 13 have been identified serologically. Application of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 2012 has enhanced informational capacity of the investigations. It has expanded the range and increased the frequency of bacteriological findings. The detection of vibrios implies possibility of V. cholerae importation into the aquatic area of Azov Sea

METHODS OF SHIP BALLAST WATER DECONTAMINATION WITH DISINFECTION SUBSTANCE «BIOPAG-D»

Objective: to ground the choice of ships’ ballast water decontamination methods with disinfection substance under the title «Biopag-D».Materials and Methods: for study of methods of ballast water decontamination in preliminary experiment in vitro with selected concentration «Biopag-D», in which disinfectant has a the strong antibacterial effect against the test microorganisms.Results: based on the established concentrations the methods of ballast water decontamination are developed (irrigation of empty ballast tanks, adding the working concentration of the disinfectant in complete ballast tanks and the combined method).Conclusion: the offered methods of ship’s ballast water decontamination with disinfection substance are a new disinfection technology and will assist contribute to the implementation of the international quality standard of ballast water in the Russian Federation

Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever: Ecologic and Epizootic Role of the <i>Corvidae</i> Family

The role of birds in the circulation of the virus of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is described in the paper. Investigation of 758 samples of birds revealed the virus CCHF antigen to be present in 19 (2.51 % ± 0.57) rooks' samples. Corvidae were shown to be a full-fledged co-member of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHL) natural foci in the territory of Rostov Region. Epidemiologic significance of this bird family consists in dissemination of the CCHL virus, expansion of the existing natural CHL foci, and thereby supporting the formation of new ones. Ecologic and epizootiologic role of Corvidae should be taken into consideration while conducting epidemiologic surveillance in HCL natural foci

TYPING OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE NON O1/NON O139 STRAINS, ISOLATED IN ROSTOV REGION IN 2014

Aim. Comparative study of antibiotics resistance and VNTR-typing of Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 strains, isolated on the territory of Rostov region in 2014. Materials and methods. Antibioticogramms of strains were determined by serial dilution method in dense nutrient medium according to MG 4.2.2495-09 (2009). Pheno-, sero- and VNTR-typing was carried out by conventional methods. Results. The studied strains belonged to V. cholerae species, did not agglutinate with O1 and O139 sera, were atoxigenic, hemolysis-positive, did not contain genes of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulating pili ofadhesion, contained genes ofhemagglutinin/protease, protease PrtV, collagenase, cytotonic factor Cef, outer membrane protein OmpW, tol- and vps-clusters, regulatory genes toxR and hapR. Antibioticogramms of the strains have shown the presence of cultures, resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, furazolidone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with intermediate resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin, amikacin, netilmicin. Approximately 20% of isolates had multiple drug resistance. Data of VNTR- and geno-typing confirmed a possibility of water transmission route of the infection. Conclusion. Execution of monitoring of cultures from environmental samples is necessary for timely detection of genetic characteristics, antibiotics resistance