27 research outputs found
Adiabatic Effective Action for Vortices in Neutral and Charged Superfluids
Adiabatic effective action for vortices in neutral and charged superfluids at
zero temperature are calculated using the topological Landau-Ginzburg theory
recently proposed by Hatsuda, Yahikozawa, Ao and Thouless, and vortex dynamics
are examined. The Berry phase term arising in the effective action naturally
yields the Magnus force in both neutral and charged superfluids.
It is shown that in neutral superfluid there is only one degree of freedom,
namely the center of vorticities, and the vortex energy is proportinal to the
sum of all vorticities so that it is finite only for the vanishing total
vorticity of the system.
On the other hand the effective mass and the vortex energy for a vortex in
charged superfluids are defined individually as expected. The effects of the
vortex core on these quantities are also estimated. The possible depinning
scenario which is governed by the Magnus force and the inertial mass is also
discussed.Comment: 26 page
Emergent AdS3 and BTZ Black Hole from Weakly Interacting Hot 2d CFT
We investigate emergent holography of weakly coupled two-dimensional
hyperK\"ahler sigma model on cotangent bundle of (N-1)-dimensional complex
projective space at zero and finite temperature. The sigma model is motivated
by the spacetime conformal field theory dual to the near-horizon geometry of Q1
D1-brane bound to Q5 D5-brane wrapped on four-torus times circle, where N =
Q1*Q5. The sigma model admits nontrivial instanton for all N greater than or
equal to 2, which serves as a local probe of emergent holographic spacetime. We
define emergent geometry of the spacetime as that of instanton moduli space via
Hitchin's information metric. At zero temperature, we find that emergent
geometry is AdS3. At finite temperature, time-periodic instanton is mappable to
zero temperature instanton via conformal transformation. Utilizing the
transformation, we show that emergent geometry is precisely that of the
non-extremal, non-rotating BTZ black hole.Comment: 12 pages, no figure, JHEP.cls; v2. typos correcte
Information metric from a linear sigma model
The idea that a spacetime metric emerges as a Fisher-Rao `information metric'
of instanton moduli space has been examined in several field theories such as
the Yang-Mills theories and nonlinear sigma models. In this brief paper, we
report that the flat Euclidean or Minkowskian metric, rather than an anti-de
Sitter metric that generically emerges from instanton moduli spaces, can be
obtained as the Fisher-Rao metric from a non-trivial solution of the massive
Klein-Gordon field (a linear sigma model). This realization of the flat space
from the simple field theory would be useful to investigate the ideas that
relate the spacetime geometry with the information geometry.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, to appear in PR
Topological Landau-Ginzburg Theory for Vortices in Superfluid He
We propose a new Landau-Ginzburg theory for arbitrarily shaped vortex strings
in superfluid He. The theory contains a topological term and directly
describes vortex dynamics. We introduce gauge fields in order to remove
singularities from the Landau-Ginzburg order parameter of the superfluid, so
that two kinds of gauge symmetries appear, making the continuity equation and
conservation of the total vorticity manifest. The topological term gives rise
to the Berry phase term in the vortex mechanical actions.Comment: LATEX, 9 page
Major linear antibody epitopes and capsid proteins differentially induce protective immunity against Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease.
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced immunologically mediated demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) in susceptible mice provides a relevant infectious model for multiple sclerosis. Previously, we have identified six major linear antibody epitopes on the viral capsid proteins. In this study, we utilized fusion proteins containing individual capsid proteins and synthetic peptides containing the linear antibody epitopes to determine the potential role of antibody response in the course of virus-induced demyelination. Preimmunization of susceptible mice with VPI and VP2 fusion proteins, but not VP3, resulted in the protection from subsequent development of TMEV-IDD. Mice free of clinical symptoms following preimmunizations with fusion proteins displayed high levels of antibodies to the capsid proteins corresponding to the immunogens. In contrast, the level of antibodies to a particular linear epitope, A1C (VP1(262-276)), capable of efficiently neutralizing virus in vitro increased with the progression of disease. Further immunization with synthetic peptides containing individual antibody epitopes indicated that antibodies to the epitopes are differentially effective in protecting from virus-induced demyelination. Taken together, these results suggest that antibodies to only certain linear epitopes are protective and such protection may be restricted during the early stages of viral infection