6 research outputs found

    A Maastrichtian microbial reef and associated limestones in the Roca Formation of Patagonia (Neuquén Province, Argentina)

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    We describe a small microbial reef and associated limestones occurring in a Maastrichtian transgressive succession of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies at Sierra Huantraico near Chos Malal (NeuquĂ©n, Argentina). Strontium isotope data suggest that the reef is of earliest Maastrichtian age. The small reef (0.8 m thick, 2 m wide) is mostly composed of peloidal bindstone, dense stromatolite-cement crusts and thrombolite. Except for some ostracods, no metazoan fossils were found in the reef structure, although the majority of peloids are fecal pellets, probably of larger crustaceans. Small foraminifers with calcite tests and probable green algae have also been noted. Sedimentological data and fossils within and immediately above the reef suggest that the reef was formed in a transgressive systems tract under freshwater to brackish-water conditions. Limestones above the reef are serpulid-bryozoan packstones and intraclast-ooid grainstones. These limestones yield a mixture of typical non-tropical (common serpulids and bryozoans) and typical tropical aspects (common dasycladaceans and ooids). This mosaic is explained by salinity fluctuations, which in our case dominate over temperature in determining the grain associations. Wir beschreiben ein kleines mikrobielles Riff, das in der Sierra Hunatraico (NeuquĂ©n, Argentinien) in einer transgressiven, gemischt siliziklastisch-kalkigen Abfolge gefunden wurde. Nach Strontiumisotopen-Datierung ist das Riff in das unterste Maastrichtium zu stellen. Das kleine Riff (0,8 m MĂ€chtigkeit, 2 m Breite) besteht ĂŒberwiegend aus peloidalem Bindstone, dichten Stromatolith-Zement-Krusten und Thrombolith. Mit Ausnahme von Ostrakoden konnten keine Metazoen in der Riffstruktur nachgewiesen werden, obwohl die Mehrzahl der Peloide als Kotpillen zu interpretieren sind, die vermutlich auf grĂ¶ĂŸere Krebse zurĂŒckgehen. Kleine Foraminiferen und mögliche GrĂŒnalgen sind die einzigen zusĂ€tzlich nachweisbaren Eukaryoten. Die Fossilien im Riff und in den ĂŒberlagernden Kalken sprechen fĂŒr ein Riffwachstum unter transgressiven aber hyposalinen Bedingungen. Die Kalke ĂŒber dem Riff tragen ein gemischtes palĂ€oklimatisches Signal, das sowohl typisch nicht-tropische als auch typisch tropische Komponenten beinhaltet. Dieses Mosaik ist möglicherweise durch die starken SalinitĂ€tsschwankungen erklĂ€rbar und erfordert ein Überdenken der bisherigen Modelle zur klimatischen Steuerung der Karbonatsedimentation. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600007</a

    Inhibitors of the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis as antimalarial drugs

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    A mevalonate-independent pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis present in Plasmodium falciparum was shown to represent an effective target for chemotherapy of malaria. This pathway includes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) as a key metabolite. The presence of two genes encoding the enzymes DOXP synthase and DOXP reductoisomerase suggests that isoprenoid biosynthesis in P. falciparum depends on the DOXP pathway. This pathway is probably located in the apicoplast. The recombinant P. falciparum DOXP reductoisomerase was inhibited by fosmidomycin and its derivative, FR-900098. Both drugs suppressed the in vitro growth of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strains. After therapy with these drugs, mice infected with the rodent malaria parasite P. vinckei were cured
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