Spherically Symmetric, Self-Similar Spacetimes

Self-similar spacetimes are of importance to cosmology and to gravitational collapse problems. We show that self-similarity or the existence of a homothetic Killing vector field for spherically symmetric spacetimes implies the separability of the spacetime metric in terms of the co-moving coordinates and that the metric is, uniquely, the one recently reported in [cqg1]. The spacetime, in general, has non-vanishing energy-flux and shear. The spacetime admits matter with any equation of state.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Measuring Pancharatnam's relative phase for SO(3) evolutions using spin polarimetry

In polarimetry, a superposition of internal quantal states is exposed to a single Hamiltonian and information about the evolution of the quantal states is inferred from projection measurements on the final superposition. In this framework, we here extend the polarimetric test of Pancharatnam's relative phase for spin$-{1/2}$ proposed by Wagh and Rakhecha [Phys. Lett. A {\bf 197}, 112 (1995)] to spin $j\geq 1$ undergoing noncyclic SO(3) evolution. We demonstrate that the output intensity for higher spin values is a polynomial function of the corresponding spin$-{1/2}$ intensity. We further propose a general method to extract the noncyclic SO(3) phase and visibility by rigid translation of two $\pi /2$ spin flippers. Polarimetry on higher spin states may in practice be done with spin polarized atomic beams.Comment: New title, minor corrections, journal reference adde

A Survey: Data Leakage Detection Techniques

Data is an important property of various organizations and it is intellectual property of organization. Every organization includes sensitive data as customer information, financial data, data of patient, personal credit card data and other information based on the kinds of management, institute or industry. For the areas like this, leakage of information is the crucial problem that the organization has to face, that poses high cost if information leakage is done. All the more definitely, information leakage is characterize as the intentional exposure of individual or any sort of information to unapproved outsiders. When the important information is goes to unapproved hands or moves towards unauthorized destination. This will prompts the direct and indirect loss of particular industry in terms of cost and time. The information leakage is outcomes in vulnerability or its modification. So information can be protected by the outsider leakages. To solve this issue there must be an efficient and effective system to avoid and protect authorized information. From not so long many methods have been implemented to solve same type of problems that are analyzed here in this survey.  This paper analyzes little latest techniques and proposed novel Sampling algorithm based data leakage detection techniques

Buying Practices and Prevalence of Adulteration in Selected Food items in a Rural Area of Wardha District: A Cross - Sectional Study

Introduction: Food adulteration in India includes both willful adulteration and substandard food which do not confirm to prescribe food standard. There is striking paucity of reliable data with regard to extent of adulteration and documentation of food borne illnesses reflecting lack of attention and focus on this problem. Objectives: To find the prevalence of food adulteration, buying practices of selected food items and their awareness towards food adulteration act. Also assess relationship between per-capita incomes, education of respondents, and food borne illnesses with magnitude of adulteration in each house-hold. Methods: With the best estimate of 50%, sample size comes to 89. By stratifying the village according to social strata and randomly selecting the households with PPS. Questionnaire was administered to fulfill our objectives and food items were tested. Data analyzed by numeral with percentage, Pearson moment correlation, F test and chi square test. Results: In 68.5% Households, wife (home-maker) buys the grocery. Majority of them never read the food labels. All the selected food items were adulterated ranging from 76 % to 11%. Mean percentage of purity was highest in literates (47.5 ± 22.48) than illiterates and just literates. Food borne illness was prevalent in households with low purity of food. Association was found between per capita income and percentage of purity (0.765)