Morphometric characteristics of the external diameter of fallopian tube funnel at different periods of life in parous women

The lack of accurate information in the scientific literature highlighting the parameters of the fallopian tube funnel in the period from adolescence to old age was the reason for performing this work.The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tube funnel in women who gave birth in the period from adolescence to old age using autopsy specimens.Material and methods. The work was based on the results of a morphometric study of both fallopian tubes in 126 women aged 16 to 88 years who had given birth and were divided into five groups (Group I comprised 24 women in their early teens, Group II comprised 26 women in their first adulthood, Group III comprised 23 women in their second adulthood, Group IV comprised 28 elderly women, Group V comprised 25 senile women.Results. The parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tubes of women in the period from adolescence to old age have no statistically reliable differences; there is a tendency for the values to increase with age. Comparative analysis of values of the external diameter of the right and left fallopian tubes funnels showed statistically reliable predominance of the right fallopian tube funnel parameters in adolescence and old age. In the first and second periods of adulthood and old age, no statistically significant difference in the parameters of the external diameter of the funnel of the right fallopian tube was found; the tendency to the predominance of the funnel diameter values of the right fallopian tube in comparison with the left one was noted.Conclusions. The parameters of the external diameter of the fallopian tubes funnel in the period from adolescence to old age serve as reference values of the age morphological norm in women who have given birth, supplementing the currently available scientific data on the peculiarities of fallopian tube structure. These results can be applied to prospective basic and clinical research

Lepidoptera (Insecta) of proposed specially protected natural area "Belokurikha nature park" (Northern Altai). First results

149 Lepidoptera species from 16 families were reported for the territory of the proposed protected area "Belokurikha Natural Park". This list is the primary data on the fauna of Lepidoptera in the region. Most of the species belongs to Euro-Siberian and Transpalaearctic groups

The problem of osteoarthritis of the knee joint and running through the prism of magnetic resonance tomography

The number of women and the elderly has now increased among marathon runners. This cohort has a high risk of osteoarthritis development. The hypothesis, based on little scientific evidence, is that the additional stress on knee joints that occurs during long running can potentially lead to damage to joint structures and osteoarthritis development. The review presents modern generalized data on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knee joints in long-distance runners. Special attention is paid to the syndrome of fluid increase in subchondral bone, which is determined by increasing the signal intensity in T2-weighted images (decrease in T1-weighted images), called bone marrow oedema (BMO). Classification and pathogenetic variants of BMO development (theory of intrusion and contusion) are presented. Particular cases of BMO development in marathon runners are considered. The dynamics of BMO in different time intervals after the races in beginners and professional marathon runners is described. Changes in MRI images of knee cartilage after running on the treadmill in healthy women and in women suffering from osteoarthritis are shown. A comparison of the frequency of osteoarthritis of knee joints in runners compared to footballers and weightlifters was made. The conclusion was made on the preventive effect of long walking and running (at least 12.5 km/week), including marathon distances, on the development and progression of osteoarthritis of knee joints

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS HIERARCHY

This article studied the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of hierarchies and made the analysis of the existing hierarchy

VISUALIZATION LIBRARIES OF HIERARCHIES AND NETWORKS

This article studied the libraries for the visualization of hierarchies and networks

Optical study of orbital excitations in transition-metal oxides

The orbital excitations of a series of transition-metal compounds are studied by means of optical spectroscopy. Our aim was to identify signatures of collective orbital excitations by comparison with experimental and theoretical results for predominantly local crystal-field excitations. To this end, we have studied TiOCl, RTiO3 (R=La, Sm, Y), LaMnO3, Y2BaNiO5, CaCu2O3, and K4Cu4OCl10, ranging from early to late transition-metal ions, from t_2g to e_g systems, and including systems in which the exchange coupling is predominantly three-dimensional, one-dimensional or zero-dimensional. With the exception of LaMnO3, we find orbital excitations in all compounds. We discuss the competition between orbital fluctuations (for dominant exchange coupling) and crystal-field splitting (for dominant coupling to the lattice). Comparison of our experimental results with configuration-interaction cluster calculations in general yield good agreement, demonstrating that the coupling to the lattice is important for a quantitative description of the orbital excitations in these compounds. However, detailed theoretical predictions for the contribution of collective orbital modes to the optical conductivity (e.g., the line shape or the polarization dependence) are required to decide on a possible contribution of orbital fluctuations at low energies, in particular in case of the orbital excitations at about 0.25 eV in RTiO3. Further calculations are called for which take into account the exchange interactions between the orbitals and the coupling to the lattice on an equal footing.Comment: published version, discussion of TiOCl extended to low T, improved calculation of orbital excitation energies in TiOCl, figure 16 improved, references updated, 33 pages, 20 figure

X-ray Nanodiffraction on a Single SiGe Quantum Dot inside a Functioning Field-Effect Transistor

For advanced electronic, optoelectronic, or mechanical nanoscale devices a detailed understanding of their structural properties and in particular the strain state within their active region is of utmost importance. We demonstrate that X-ray nanodiffraction represents an excellent tool to investigate the internal structure of such devices in a nondestructive way by using a focused synchotron X-ray beam with a diameter of 400 nm. We show results on the strain fields in and around a single SiGe island, which serves as stressor for the Si-channel in a fully functioning Si-metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor