COSMETOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PROBLEMS OF ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF SKIN (TO HELP PRACTICING PHYSICIANS: PART 2)

The subject of the study – the features of skin’s embryology and histology. The purpose of a work – to present the problematic issues of skin’s anatomo-hystological structure. The analysis of modern scientific studies testifies to necessity for scrupulous accountancy of skin’s structure components development both in pre- and postnatal periods of human life. It will allow to avoid many clinical mistakes and provide pathogeneticly well-grounded correction of skin’s variable changing, both pathological and «cosmetological».Keywords: skin, histology. Предмет исследования – особенности гистологии кожи. Цель – представить врачам проблемные вопросы анатомо-гистологического строения кожи. Анализ современных научных исследований свидетельствует о необходимости тщательного учета развития структурных компонентов кожи на этапах как пре- так и постнатального периодов жизни человека. Это позволит избежать многих клинических ошибок и проводить патогенетически обоснованную коррекцию различных ее изменений, как патологических, так и «косметологических».Ключевые слова: кожа, гистология

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ВЫХОДНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГИДРОФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ И ДОРОЖНЫХ МАШИН НА ЭТАПЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ИХ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА

Usage efficiency of mechanical engineering products is determined by level of their operating capability. Expenses connected with provision of operating capability for the whole operational period exceed initial cost of the products by 6-10-fold. Moreover , while being used the expenses have a tendency to increase with reduction of output parameters that ensure product application efficiency for its intended purpose. It is necessary to take into account these changes at manufacturing stages of mechanical engineering products. Maximum efficiency can be obtained at the operational stage of the product life cycle only as a result of complex and interrelated measures during designing, manufacturing and usage of the specific product for its intended purpose with due account of its output parameter dynamics. While using the product an analysis of its output parameter dynamics will make it possible to determine maximum value of the operating capability, operational expenses and best practices for obtaining maximum profit per operating time unit.Taking hydroficated excavators of the 5th grade as an example the paper presents dynamics of main output parameters at the operational stage of their life cycle; reveals the main factor influencing on intensity of hydroficated machine operating capability reduction; substantiates an expediency of taking into account output parameter dynamics while evaluating efficiency of its usage; proposes a methodology for determination of or a pay-off time period for recoupment of expenses pertaining to machine procurement and optimum time period for operational stage, its life cycle that corresponds to obtaining maximum profit.Nowadays constant values of main output parameters (operating capability, self cost of machine-hour) corresponding to the beginning of operation are to be taken into account while determining expediency of machine creation. Practically they significantly change in the process of machine operation this fact must be taken account while creating a machine and using it for its intended operational purpose and ensuring its operating capability. The proposed methodology for maintaining and restoration of operating capability of construction and road-building machines was published previously [3]. The paper proposes a methodology for its implementation on the basis of expenses for machine manufacturing and dynamics of main output parameters at the operational stage of its life cycle.Эффективность использования изделий машиностроения определяется уровнем их работоспособности. Затраты, связанные с обеспечением работоспособности, за период эксплуатации превосходят в 6-10 раз начальную стоимость изделий. Причем в процессе их использования эти затраты увеличиваются при снижении выходных параметров, обеспечивающих эффективность применения изделия по назначению. Важно учитывать эти изменения на этапах изготовления изделий машиностроения. Достижение максимального эффекта на этапе эксплуатации жизненного цикла изделия возможно только в результате комплексных и взаимоувязанных мероприятий при проектировании, производстве и использовании по назначению конкретного объекта c учетом динамики его выходных параметров. Анализ динамики выходных параметров при его эксплуатации позволит определить предельные значения производительности, эксплуатационных затрат и наработки для получения максимальной прибыли на единицу наработки.В статье на примере гидрофицированных экскаваторов пятой размерной группы приведена динамика основных выходных параметров на этапе эксплуатации их жизненного цикла; выявлен основной фактор, влияющий на интенсивность снижения производительности гидрофицированной машины; обоснована целесообразность учета динамики выходных параметров при оценке эффективности ее использования; предложена методика определения наработки окупаемости затрат на приобретение машины и оптимальной наработки этапа эксплуатации, ее жизненного цикла, соответствующей получению максимальной прибыли.В настоящее время при определении целесообразности создания машин закладываются постоянные значения основных выходных параметров (производительности, себестоимости машино-часа), соответствующих началу эксплуатации. Фактически они значительно изменяются в процессе наработки машины, что важно учитывать при ее создании и использовании по функциональному назначению, включая обеспечение ее работоспособности. Предложена методика реализации стратегии поддержания и восстановления работоспособности строительных и дорожных машин. Методика ее реализации предлагается в статье на основе затрат на изготовление машины и динамики основных выходных параметров на этапе эксплуатации ее жизненного цикла

Practices for the development of communicative skills of professional communication of medical university students

Introduction.In this article the problem of formation of communicative skills of professional communication of students of medical high School is considered.  Theoretical and methodological approaches to this problem are analyzed. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of MV Rodikov, LV Kochetova, Ln. Vasilyeva about the process of formation of readiness of students of medical University for interpersonal interaction in the professional sphere and in particular the formation of skills of building trust between the doctor and the patient. The authors identified individual and personal qualities necessary for the graduate in practice, such as: the ability to diagnose the social situation; skills of effective interaction with colleagues in the workplace; possession of verbal and non-verbal means of communication in building relationships with patients; rejection of all kinds of stereotypes of patient perception [5,6]. The assessment of such important professionally significant qualities in the formation of communicative competence of the future doctor, such as sociability, tolerance, empathy, goodwill, respect, attentiveness, restraint, flexibility [7, 15]. The authors highlight the psychological characteristics of the doctor, affecting the communicative competence, such as: emotional stability; sensitivity to negative attitude on the part of the patient; anxiety; depression [13]. The important qualities of the future specialist include: the ability to be convincing in conversation with the patient and his relatives, respect for colleagues and their opinion, especially when the issue concerns controversial clinical cases and requires open discussion [8,9,10]. It is noted that the success of the interaction between the doctor and the patient depends on the skills: the establishment of primary contact; elimination of possible contradictions (clash of views of the doctor and the patient); correction of conflict behavior of the patient during medical consultation; ability to inform the patient of "bad news" concerning his health; planning joint actions with the patient [4, 14,31].Materials and methods. A study was conducted on the diagnosis of the ability to empathize in students of a medical university using the method of V. V. Boyko, the specifics of gender attitudes were determined using the «Sex-role questionnaire», the coping styles of behavior were studied using the method «Coping strategies indicator».Results. The study are showed that 44.7% of respondents have an average level of empathic abilities, 53.2% – understated, 2.1% – very low. The girls is in 86.6%  the emotional channel of empathy prevailed, which allows the latter to easily enter into an emotional resonance with the other person. Among young men, 52.9% showed rational, 47.1% - intuitive channels of empathy. The analysis showed of the structure of coping behavior that the first place for both girls and boys (66.6% and 88.2%, respectively) was occupied by the problem-solving strategy. The second is the search for social support, which indicates the importance of social support at the initial stage of professional activity.Discussion and Conclusions. It is noteworthy that among those surveyed, attitudes that limit emotional responsiveness prevailed, along with this, students used various empathy channels, allowing them to build the medical process most effectively in the future depending on the situation. The level of communicative competence of students did not differ in terms of "empathy" depending on the specialization. The active position was in the choice of coping strategies allow students to overcome the influence of various types of stress associated with future professional activities

DETERMINATION OF MAIN OUTPUT PARAMETERS FOR HYDROFICATED CONSTRUCTION AND ROAD-BUILDING MACHINES AT OPERATIONAL STAGE OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE

Usage efficiency of mechanical engineering products is determined by level of their operating capability. Expenses connected with provision of operating capability for the whole operational period exceed initial cost of the products by 6-10-fold. Moreover , while being used the expenses have a tendency to increase with reduction of output parameters that ensure product application efficiency for its intended purpose. It is necessary to take into account these changes at manufacturing stages of mechanical engineering products. Maximum efficiency can be obtained at the operational stage of the product life cycle only as a result of complex and interrelated measures during designing, manufacturing and usage of the specific product for its intended purpose with due account of its output parameter dynamics. While using the product an analysis of its output parameter dynamics will make it possible to determine maximum value of the operating capability, operational expenses and best practices for obtaining maximum profit per operating time unit.Taking hydroficated excavators of the 5th grade as an example the paper presents dynamics of main output parameters at the operational stage of their life cycle; reveals the main factor influencing on intensity of hydroficated machine operating capability reduction; substantiates an expediency of taking into account output parameter dynamics while evaluating efficiency of its usage; proposes a methodology for determination of or a pay-off time period for recoupment of expenses pertaining to machine procurement and optimum time period for operational stage, its life cycle that corresponds to obtaining maximum profit.Nowadays constant values of main output parameters (operating capability, self cost of machine-hour) corresponding to the beginning of operation are to be taken into account while determining expediency of machine creation. Practically they significantly change in the process of machine operation this fact must be taken account while creating a machine and using it for its intended operational purpose and ensuring its operating capability. The proposed methodology for maintaining and restoration of operating capability of construction and road-building machines was published previously [3]. The paper proposes a methodology for its implementation on the basis of expenses for machine manufacturing and dynamics of main output parameters at the operational stage of its life cycle

Государственная библиотека СССР им. В.И. Ленина в годы Великой Отечественной войны: подготовка и выпуск библиографических изданий

In the year of the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory, the authors consider the activity of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (GBL) on preparation and release of bibliographic publications during the Great Patriotic War. This topic was covered in the specialized literature briefly and fragmentally (with the exception of work in the field of recommendation bibliography). The aim of the article is to fill in the existing gaps in the study of this area of GBL activity during the war.In the pre-war years, the GBL transformed into one of the leading bibliographic centres of the country — both reference and bibliographing. Both directions were mainly concentrated in the Scientific Bibliographic Department, where at the turn of the 1930s and 1940s preparation of bibliographic publications was structurally distinguished.With the beginning of the war, the GBL reorganized its work in accordance with the conditions and tasks of wartime. The amount of bibliographic work in the first months of the war was significantly reduced. Publishing activities, including the production of bibliographic publications, ceased and resumed in the second half of 1942. Recommendation indexes and lists on actual subjects were the main type of bibliographic materials created and published by the GBL during the war years.The article highlights the activities of two leading bibliographic departments of the GBL during this period: the Scientific Bibliographic Department and the Military Department. There are two areas of activity of the Scientific Bibliographic Department: general and scientific-auxiliary bibliography and recommendation bibliography. During the Great Patriotic War, the library produced mainly reference manuals, as well as also prepared several scientific publications. The authors present employees of both departments who have made the most significant contribution to the preparation of bibliographic publications. In addition, the article notes several bibliographic publications created in other structural divisions.В год 75-летия Великой Победы рассматривается деятельность Государственной библиотеки СССР им. В.И. Ленина (ГБЛ) по подготовке и выпуску библиографических изданий в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Эта тема освещалась в специальной литературе кратко и фрагментарно (за исключением работы в области рекомендательной библиографии). Статья призвана восполнить существующие пробелы в изучении данного направления деятельности ГБЛ в период войны.Предвоенные годы характеризуются превращением ГБЛ в один из ведущих библиографических центров страны — как справочный, так и библиографирующий. Оба направления были в основном сосредоточены в научно-библиографическом отделе, в котором на рубеже 1930—1940-х гг. подготовка библиографических изданий структурно выделялась.С началом войны ГБЛ реорганизовала свою работу в соответствии с условиями и задачами военного времени. Объем библиографической работы в первые месяцы войны значительно сократился. Издательская деятельность, в том числе выпуск библиографических изданий, прекратилась и возобновилась во второй половине 1942 года. Основным видом библиографических материалов, созданных и изданных ГБЛ в годы войны, были рекомендательные указатели и списки по актуальным темам.Освещена деятельность двух ведущих библиографирующих отделов ГБЛ в этот период — научно-библиографического и военного. В деятельности научно-библиографического отдела выделены два направления: общая и научно-вспомогательная библиография и рекомендательная библиография. В годы Великой Отечественной войны были созданы в основном рекомендательные пособия, но также подготовлено несколько научных изданий. Представлены сотрудники обоих отделов, внесшие наиболее весомый вклад в подготовку библиографических изданий. Отмечены несколько библиографических публикаций, созданных в других структурных подразделениях

Comparing variational methods for the hinged Kirchhoff plate with corners

The hinged Kirchhoff plate model contains a fourth order elliptic differential equation complemented with a zeroeth and a second order boundary condition. On domains with boundaries having corners the strong setting is not well-defined. We here allow boundaries consisting of piecewise C-2,C-1-curves connecting at corners. For such domains different variational settings will be discussed and compared. As was observed in the so-called Saponzhyan-Babushka paradox, domains with reentrant corners need special care. In that case, a variational setting that corresponds to a second order system needs an augmented solution space in order to find a solution in the appropriate Sobolev-type space

Cosmetological significance problems of anatomy, embryology and structural and functional units of skin (to help practicing physicians: p. 1)

Предмет исследования – структурно-функциональные единицы кожи. Цель работы – определить косметологическое значение проблем анатомии, эмбриологии и структурно-функциональных единиц кожи. В клинической практике дерматологи нередко мало уделяют внимания вопросам таких анатомических характеристик кожи как форма, рисунок, цвет, изменения которых в то же время являются одной из важных причин обращения пациентов к косметологам. Знания современных данных о структурно- функциональных единицах кожи позволят косметологам научно обоснованно подойти к назначению методов и средств для оказания специализированной помощи пациентам.Research subject is structure-functional unit of skin. The objective of work is to identify cosmetic importance of issues of anatomy, embryology and structure-functional units of skin. In clinical practice dermatologists often do not put much attention on issues of such anatomic characteristics as form, markings, color, changes of which in the meantime is one of the most important reasons why patients go to cosmeticians. Working knowledge of present day data on structure-functional units of skin allow cosmetician to use scientific-based approach to prescription of methods and means deliver specialty care to patients