2,287 research outputs found
Preservice and Inservice Elementary Educators Knowledge of Elementary Song Repertoire.
The purpose of this study was to examine preservice and inservice elementary educators\u27 knowledge of elementary song repertoire and their confidence with leading selected songs to students. Participants (N=42) in this study were undergraduate elementary education majors and graduate students (non-music majors) enrolled in music education course. Graduate participants involved in this study had just completed their first year of teaching. Participants were surveyed to determine their knowledge of song material and confidence in song leading, with 25 songs randomly selected from the Get America Singing...Again! Volumes I and II, published by Music Educators National Conference (MENC, 1996). Results indicated that the average undergraduate (N=l8) knowledge/confidence of song material was lower than that of graduates (N=24). Comparisons were also made between age groups; results indicated that older students exhibited more knowledge/confidence of song repertoire. Furthermore, those graduates who taught at the primary level of elementary education (Pre-kindergarten through second grade; N=12) were .not as knowledgeable in song material as those who taught intermediate elementary (third grade through sixth grade; N=12). Overall, the mean for undergraduate and graduate knowledge/confidence was under 3, indicating that they were not able to sing any of the song material
Characterization of novel beta-galactosidase activity that contributes to glycoprotein degradation and virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The pneumococcus obtains its energy from the metabolism of host glycosides. Therefore, efficient degradation of host glycoproteins is integral to pneumococcal virulence. In search of novel pneumococcal glycosidases, we characterized the Streptococcus pneumoniae strain D39 protein encoded by SPD_0065 and found that this gene encodes a beta-galactosidase. The SPD_0065 recombinant protein released galactose from desialylated fetuin, which was used here as a model of glycoproteins found in vivo. A pneumococcal mutant with a mutation in SPD_0065 showed diminished beta-galactosidase activity, exhibited an extended lag period in mucin-containing defined medium, and cleaved significantly less galactose than the parental strain during growth on mucin. As pneumococcal beta-galactosidase activity had been previously attributed solely to SPD_0562 (bgaA), we evaluated the contribution of SPD_0065 and SPD_0562 to total beta-galactosidase activity. Mutation of either gene significantly reduced enzymatic activity, but beta-galactosidase activity in the double mutant, although significantly less than that in either of the single mutants, was not completely abolished. The expression of SPD_0065 in S. pneumoniae grown in mucin-containing medium or tissues harvested from infected animals was significantly upregulated compared to that in pneumococci from glucose-containing medium. The SPD_0065 mutant strain was found to be attenuated in virulence in a manner specific to the host tissue
Tomographic Characterization of Three-Qubit Pure States with Only Two-Qubit Detectors
A tomographic process for three-qubit pure states using only pairwise
detections is presented.Comment: 3 pages; revtex4; v2: the focus on tomography was emphasized and the
experimental procedure detailed; v3: the text was improved in clarity, some
mistakes were correcte
Are all maximally entangled states pure?
We study if all maximally entangled states are pure through several
entanglement monotones. In the bipartite case, we find that the same conditions
which lead to the uniqueness of the entropy of entanglement as a measure of
entanglement, exclude the existence of maximally mixed entangled states. In the
multipartite scenario, our conclusions allow us to generalize the idea of
monogamy of entanglement: we establish the \textit{polygamy of entanglement},
expressing that if a general state is maximally entangled with respect to some
kind of multipartite entanglement, then it is necessarily factorized of any
other system.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Proof of theorem 3 corrected e new results
concerning the asymptotic regime include
Detecting mode entanglement: The role of coherent states, superselection rules and particle statistics
We discuss the possibility of observing quantum nonlocality using the
so-called mode entanglement, analyzing the differences between different types
of particles in this context. We first discuss the role of coherent states in
such experiments, and we comment on the existence of coherent states in nature.
The discussion of coherent states naturally raises questions about the role of
particle statistics in this problem. Although the Pauli exclusion principle
precludes coherent states with a large number of fermionic particles, we find
that a large number of fermionic coherent states, each containing at most one
particle, can be used to achieve the same effect as a bosonic coherent state
for the purposes of this problem. The discussion of superselection rules arises
naturally in this context, because their applicability to a given situation
prohibits the use of coherent states. This limitation particularly affects the
scenario that we propose for detecting the mode entanglement of fermionic
particles.Comment: 7 pages (two-column
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