Intrinsic carrier mobility of multi-layered MoS2_2 field-effect transistors on SiO2_2

By fabricating and characterizing multi-layered MoS$_2$-based field-effect transistors (FETs) in a four terminal configuration, we demonstrate that the two terminal-configurations tend to underestimate the carrier mobility $\mu$ due to the Schottky barriers at the contacts. For a back-gated two-terminal configuration we observe mobilities as high as 125 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ which is considerably smaller than 306.5 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ as extracted from the same device when using a four-terminal configuration. This indicates that the intrinsic mobility of MoS$_2$ on SiO$_2$ is significantly larger than the values previously reported, and provides a quantitative method to evaluate the charge transport through the contacts.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, typos fixed, and references update

Investigation of the AODV and the SDWCA QoS handling at different utilisation levels in adaptive clustering environments

A simulation study using NS2 simulator using two main routing protocols with specific design parameters has been carried out to investigate the QoS main parameters such as throughput, delay, Jitter, Control Overhead, Number of packets, number of packets dropped and the rating overheads. The traffic is made of CBR slow video traffic. From the result it is noted that the SDWCA routing protocol outperforms the AODV routing protocols in the throughput, the delay and the jitter issues at different loading levels

Growth of carbon nanotubes on quasicrystalline alloys

We report on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes on quasicrystalline alloys. Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the conducting faces of decagonal quasicrystals were synthesized using floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. The alignment of the nanotubes was found perpendicular to the decagonal faces of the quasicrystals. A comparison between the growth and tube quality has also been made between tubes grown on various quasicrystalline and SiO2 substrates. While a significant MWNT growth was observed on decagonal quasicrystalline substrate, there was no significant growth observed on icosahedral quasicrystalline substrate. Raman spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show high crystalline nature of the nanotubes. Presence of continuous iron filled core in the nanotubes grown on these substrates was also observed, which is typically not seen in MWNTs grown using similar process on silicon and/or silicon dioxide substrates. The study has important implications for understanding the growth mechanism of MWNTs on conducting substrates which have potential applications as heat sinks

Is the Fate of Clinical Candidate Arry-520 Already Sealed? Predicting Resistance in Eg5–Inhibitor Complexes

Arry-520 is an advanced drug candidate from the Eg5 inhibitor class undergoing clinical evaluation in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Here we show by structural analysis that Arry-520 binds stoichiometrically to the motor domain of Eg5 in the conventional allosteric loop L5 pocket in a complex that suggests the same structural mechanism as other Eg5 inhibitors. We have previously shown that acquired resistance through mutations in the allosteric binding site located at loop L5 in the Eg5 structure appears to be independent of the inhibitors' scaffold, which suggests that Arry-520 will ultimately have the same fate. When Arry-520 was assessed in two cell lines selected for the expression of either Eg5(D130A) or Eg5(L214A) STLC-resistant alleles, mutations previously shown to convey resistance to this class of inhibitors, it was inactive in both. Surprisingly, when the cells were challenged with ispinesib, another Eg5 inhibitor, the Eg5(D130A) cells were resistant, but those expressing Eg5(L214A) were strikingly sensitive. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that subtle differences in ligand binding and flexibility in both compound and protein may alter allosteric transmission from the loop L5 site that do not necessarily result in reduced inhibitory activity in mutated Eg5 structures. Whilst we predict that cells challenged with Arry-520 in the clinical setting are likely to acquire resistance through point mutations in the Eg5 binding site, the data for ispinesib suggests that this resistance mechanism is not scaffold independent as previously thought, and new inhibitors can be designed that retain inhibitory activity in these resistant cells

Driving Towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) Sector: The Role of Digital Capabilities and Operational Transparency

In today’s digital transformation era, the importance of developing dynamic capabilities has significantly increased. However, the literature has not fully explored the significance of dynamic capabilities in sustainable development. Hence, this study examines the impact of digital capabilities (DC) and operational transparency (OT) on achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Drawing upon the dynamic capability view (DCV), we analysed the impact of DC on decent work conditions (DWC), reduced inequalities (RI), responsible consumption and production (RCP), and reduced carbon footprint (RCF) through the mediating effect of OT. We conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews to understand how developing dynamic capabilities can drive organisations toward achieving SDGs. Subsequently, we applied a cross-sectional survey to gather data from 257 respondents in the Bangladeshi ready-made garments (RMG) industry. We used the variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique to test our research hypotheses. Our findings suggest that DC significantly enhances OT and that OT can positively impact DWC, RI, RCP, and RCF. Additionally, we found that OT partially mediates the link between DC and SDGs. Our study provides valuable insights into the DCV, offering a better theoretical understanding of the role of DC in enhancing OT to achieve SDGs. It can also encourage firms to take advantage of emerging digital technologies and the trend toward digitalisation by demonstrating a strong commitment to adopting new advanced technologies, developing dynamic capabilities, and striving to achieve SDGs

Design, 3D printing and validation of a novel low-cost high-capacity sitting-drop bridge for protein crystallization

Sitting drop protein crystallization is not used as commonly as the hanging drop method for crystal optimization due to the limitations of commercially available sitting drop bridges, particularly when they are used in conjunction with 24-well crystallization plates. The commercially available sitting drop bridge, containing space for only a single drop, restricts their wider use. Proteins that preferentially crystallize under sitting-drop conditions therefore require more work, time and resources for their optimization. As a result of these limitations and using 3D-printing, we designed and developed a new sitting drop bridge where five crystallization drops can be placed simultaneously in each well of a 24-well crystallization plate. This significantly simplifies and increases the potential of sitting drops in crystal optimization, reducing costs and hence overcomes existing limitations of current approaches

Real-time Atomistic Observation of Structural Phase Transformations in Individual Hafnia Nanorods

High-temperature phases of hafnium dioxide have exceptionally high dielectric constants and large bandgaps, but quenching them to room temperature remains a challenge. Scaling the bulk form to nanocrystals, while successful in stabilizing the tetragonal phase of isomorphous ZrO2, has produced nanorods with a twinned version of the room temperature monoclinic phase in HfO2. Here we use in situ heating in a scanning transmission electron microscope to observe the transformation of an HfO2 nanorod from monoclinic to tetragonal, with a transformation temperature suppressed by over 1000°C from bulk. When the nanorod is annealed, we observe with atomic-scale resolution the transformation from twinned-monoclinic to tetragonal, starting at a twin boundary and propagating via coherent transformation dislocation; the nanorod is reduced to hafnium on cooling. Unlike the bulk displacive transition, nanoscale size-confinement enables us to manipulate the transformation mechanism, and we observe discrete nucleation events and sigmoidal nucleation and growth kinetics