The village impact of machine threshing and implications for technology development in the semi‐arid tropics of peninsular India

This study evaluates the dynamic consequences of machine threshing in the Semi‐Arid Tropics (SAT) of Peninsular India. We rely on a panel of 30 cultivator and 10 landless labour households to monitor, over five cropping years from 1975/76 to 1979/80, the impact of mechanical threshing on the village economy. Machine threshing did not significantly reduce costs, increase cropping intensity, or greatly harm labour. These results are strongly conditioned by the ecological features of the SAT. Their implications for public‐sector investment in research on selective threshing mechanisation are drawn

The village level impact Of machine threshing and implications for technology development in semi-arid tropical India

Should research institutions in the public sector invest scarce resources in the evaluation and design of threshing technologies for the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) of India? This question is multifaceted, but it can be simplified into two dimensions--consequences and comparative advantage..

Metabolite and enzyme profiles of glycogen metabolism in Methanococcoides methylutens

When a buffered anaerobic cell suspension of Methanococcoides methylutens was maintained under methanol-limited conditions, intracellular glycogen and hexose phosphates were consumed rapidly and a very small amount of methane formed at 4 h of a starvation period. When methanol was supplemented after a total of 20 h of starvation, a reverse pattern was observed: the glycogen level and the hexose phosphate pool increased, and formation of methane took place after a lag period of 90 min. A considerable amount of methane was formed in 120 min after its detection with a rate of 0.18 µmol mg-1 protein min-1. When methane formation decreased after 270 min of incubation and finally came to a halt, probably due to complete assimilation of supplemented methanol, the levels of glycogen and hexose monophosphates decreased once again. However fructose 1,6-diphosphate levels showed a continuous increase even after exhaustion of methane formation. In contrast to the hexose phosphate pool, levels of other metabolites showed a small increase after addition of methanol. The enzyme profile of glycogen metabolism showed relatively high levels of triose phosphate isomerase. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reacted with NADPH with a three-fold higher activity as compared to that with NADH

Derivation of continuum stochastic equations for discrete growth models

We present a formalism to derive the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for several solid-on-solid growth models. Our formalism begins with a mapping of the microscopic dynamics of growth models onto the particle systems with reactions and diffusion. We then write the master equations for these corresponding particle systems and find the SDEs for the particle densities. Finally, by connecting the particle densities with the growth heights, we derive the SDEs for the height variables. Applying this formalism to discrete growth models, we find the Edwards-Wilkinson equation for the symmetric body-centered solid-on-solid (BCSOS) model, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for the asymmetric BCSOS model and the generalized restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model, and the Villain--Lai--Das Sarma equation for the conserved RSOS model. In addition to the consistent forms of equations for growth models, we also obtain the coefficients associated with the SDEs.Comment: 5 pages, no figur

Early adoption of improved vertisol technology options and double cropping in Begumgunj, Madhya Pradesh

Perceptions of 25 verification trial watershed and neighboring farmers were elicited to assess the early acceptance of the Vertisol technology options tested in Begumgunj from 1982-83 to 1984-85. The economic analysis showed the main economic advantage of the improved technology stemmed from the highly profitable soybean/pigeonpea intercrop which substituted for traditional rainy season fallow - postrainy season wheat. Despite its impressive performance in the trials, interest in the soybean/pigeonpea intercrop has waned with only four of 25 farmers growing it in 1986-87. Frost risk was the most common explanation for the lack of interest. Preference for postrainy season subsistence crops instead of pigecnpea was also cited by several farmers. Not mentioned by farmers, but perhaps an important explanation, is tne difficulty of suing intercrops in rows with modern seed drills..

Full potential LAPW calculation of electron momentum density and related properties of Li

Electron momentum density and Compton profiles in Lithium along $$,$$, and $$ directions are calculated using Full-Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave basis within generalized gradient approximation. The profiles have been corrected for correlations with Lam-Platzman formulation using self-consistent charge density. The first and second derivatives of Compton profiles are studied to investigate the Fermi surface breaks. Decent agreement is observed between recent experimental and our calculated values. Our values for the derivatives are found to be in better agreement with experiments than earlier theoretical results. Two-photon momentum density and one- and two-dimensional angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation are also calculated within the same formalism and including the electron-positron enhancement factor.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures TO appear in Physical Review

Common Features and Contrasts in Labor Relations in the Semiarid Tropics of India

The main objectives of this paper are (1) to document and explain labor market arrangements in different agroclimatic and socioeconomic zones on the basis of intensive survey data; (2) to explore linkages of transactions in labor markets with transactions in other markets such as those for credit, draft power, and outputs, as well as linkages between caste status and type of labor performed; and (3) to characterize, as far as possible, the changes, if any, in labor relations over time

Common Features And Contrasts In Labor Relations In The Semiarid Tropics Of India

'I he niaitt ohjcctivcs of this paper are (I) to document and explain labor market arranpcnients in tlifl'ercnt agroclimatic and socicwonomic zones on the basis of intensive survey data; (2) to explore linkages of transactions in labor ninrkets \rith transactions in other mnrkets such as those for credit. dral't po\sfer, ant1 outpitt~a. s well as linkages bctween caste status and type of labor perfornied: and (3) to characterize. iIS far as possible. thc changes. if any, in labor relations over time