Application of GPS/INS-Systems with the HRSC - A Comparison of APPLANIX POS/AV-510 and IGI AEROcontrol-IId

The airborne HRSC (HRSC-A/AX) is being operated in combination with direct georeferencing methods since 1997 by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Using a GPS/INS system many scientific and commercial applications achieving accuracies in the decimeter range could be accomplished for the standard products, sich as true-orthoimage mosaics and Digital Surface Models. Continuous and high-resolution data acquisition using digital line scanner technology is probably the best tool to evaluate the quality of orientation data derived from GPS/INS systems. HRSC's multi-stereo capability provides additional means for precise 3D modelling and the investigation of the reliability of external orientation data

Einsatz digitaler Kameras im Auflösungsbereich von 5 cm bis 1 m - Die neue HRSC-AX Kamerageneration in der geometrischen Analyse

Since 1997 the High Resolution Stereo Camera - Airborne (HRSC-A) is operated as the first digital stereo-photogrammetric camera. In spring 2000 the HRSC-AX, a derivative of the HRSC-A, started operation, it is the wide-angle version (47 mm) of the new HRSC camera generation using 12k CCD line techology. Now, since spring 2001, the HRSC-AX (150 mm) has been completed and was tested extensively. The HRSC-AX ist the successor of the narrow-angle HRSC-A. but also extended by 12k technology and other features in order to further improve the quality of the orthoimage- and 3D-products. This paper describes the geometric tests related to the new HRSC-AX camera generation. It will show the efficiency of the system, consisting of camera hard- and software, geometric calibration, direct DGPS/INS georeferencing, and automated photogrammetric processing software. Image resolutions and accuracies down to the sub-decimeter range will be exposed by numerical results of test flights and image examples

GPS/INS-Systeme im Einsatz mit der HRSC - Vergleich der Systeme Applanix POS/AV-510 und IGI AEROcontrol-IId

Seit 1997 betreibt das Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) die flugzeuggetragene Version der HRSC in Verbindung mit direkter Sensororientierung. Mit Hilfe von GPS/INS Systemen konnten zahlreiche wissenschaftliche und kommerzielle Anwendungen mit Genauigkeiten im Dezimeterbereich für Standardprodukte wie Orthobildmosaike und Digitale Oberflächenmodelle erfolgen. Im März 2002 führte das Institut für Weltraumsensorik und Planetenerkundung des DLR einen Testflug mit der HRSC-A in Zusammenarbeit mit der BSF Luftbild GmbH und der IGI GmbH unter der gleizeitigen Verwendung der GPS/INS Systeme Applanix POS/AV-510 und IGI AEROcontrol-IId durch. Erste Ergebnisse der vergleichenden photogrammetrischen Untersuchungen über die Genauigkeit der dabei von beiden Systemen für die HRSC-A abgeleiteten absoluten Orientierung werden präsentiert

Kombinierter Einsatz von Zeilenkamera und Inertialem Messsystem

Zur Erzeugung der zweiten Bilddimension sind Bildaufnahmen mit einer Zeilenkamera immer mit einer Bewegung der Bildzeile gegenüber dem Objekt, z.B. einer Rotation oder einer Translation, verbunden. Diese Bewegung ist nicht frei von externen Einflüssen. Analog zur modernen Luftbild-Photogrammetrie wird die Bewegung der Kamera gemessen. Als Bildaufnahmesystem kommt die EYESCAN M3metric der Firma KST zum Einsatz, welche mit dem Inertialen Messsystem POS-AV 410 der Firma Applanix gekoppelt ist. Erste Tests wurden mit einer rotierenden Kamera absolviert. Mit Hilfe der Orientierungsdaten konnte ein entstörtes Bild berechnet werden. In einer weiteren Testreihe wurde die Kamera auf einem Auto montiert und eine Hausfassade aufgenommen (Translationsbewegung). Des weiteren konnte die Stereofähigkeit der auf einer RGB-Zeile basierenden Kamera nachgewiesen werden

Airborne camera experiments for traffic onitoring

Prediction of traffic, dynamic routing, off board navigation and a standardisation of traffic flow parameters are the cornerstones of modern intelligent transport systems. The development of such systems requires intelligent data acquisition from different sensors and platforms. Due to its spatial and temporal flexibility airborne sensors can provide useful information beside existing systems, e.g. induction loops and vehicle probes data etc. DLR is involved in two projects proving the gain of using aerial images for traffic monitoring LUMOS and Eye in the sky. For LUMOS an infrared camera system was used in combination with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) onboard an airplane. The project Eye in the sky provides an opportunity to evaluate the relevance of image data captured by a zeppelin and a helicopter. A high resolution digital camera and an inertial measurement unit mounted on an airborne platform were used to provide images and attitude data. In both projects, images were transmitted to a ground station, georeferenced and processed in order to extract user relevant traffic information. The whole procedure is realized in real time. Within the projects a variety of different sensors and platforms were used. This allows a validation of several configurations helping DLR in opening up new perspectives for traffic monitoring in future

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) - Digital 3D-Image Acquisition, Photogrammetric Processing and Data Evaluation

Digital techniques replaced more and more the analogue photogrammetric analysis in daily work during the past years. The consequent way to complete the digital line is to per-form digital data acquisition. Since digital frame cameras for photogrammetric purposes will not be available within the next years, digital line scanners can fill this gap. At the Institute of Planetary Exploration of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has been designed for international missions to planet Mars. During the past two years an airborne version of this camera, the HRSC-A, has been successfully applied in many flight campaigns and in a variety of different applications. The HRSC-A fulfils all requirements of a photogrammetric sensor. It is based on the along-track triple-stereo principle even using 9 CCD arrays and combines 3D-capabilities and high resolution with multispectral data acquisition. Variable resolu-tions depending on the camera control settings can be generated. A high-end GPS/INS system in combination with the multi-angle image information yields precise and high-frequent orientation data for the acquired image lines. In order to handle these data a completely automated photogrammetric processing system has been developed in cooperation between the Department for Photo-grammetry and Cartography of the Technical University of Berlin and the DLR. This system is capable to generate impressive multispectral 3D-image products of the HRSC-A data combined with accuracies in planimetry and height of better than 0.1 thousandth of the flight altitude, accuracies which have been confirmed by detailed investigations

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (hrsc) - Digital 3d-Image Acquisition, Photogrammetric Processing And Data Evaluation

Digital techniques replaced more and more the analogue photogrammetric analysis in daily work during the past years. The consequent way to complete the digital line is to perform digital data acquisition. Since digital frame cameras for photogrammetric purposes will not be available within the next years, digital line scanners can fill this gap. At the Institute of Planetary Exploration of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has been designed for international missions to planet Mars. During the past two years an airborne version of this camera, the HRSC-A, has been successfully applied in many flight campaigns and in a variety of different applications. The HRSC-A fulfils all requirements of a photogrammetric sensor. It is based on the along-track triple-stereo principle even using 9 CCD arrays and combines 3D-capabilities and high resolution with multispectral data acquisition. Variable resolutions depending on the camera control settings can be..