128 research outputs found
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Gender differences in the pharmacological actions of pegylated glucagon-Like peptide-1 on endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic precursor cells in a combination of metabolic disorders and lung emphysema
In clinical practice, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although gender differences in MetS are well documented, little is known about sex-specific differences in the pathogenesis of COPD, especially when combined with MetS. Consequently, it is not clear whether the same treatment regime has comparable efficacy in men and women diagnosed with MetS and COPD. In the present study, using sodium glutamate, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke extract, we simulated lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, hyperglycemia, and pulmonary emphysema (comorbidity) in male and female C57BL/6 mice. We assessed the gender-specific impact of lipid metabolism disorders and pulmonary emphysema on angiogenic precursor cells (endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, cells of the lumen of the nascent vessel), as well as the biological effects of pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 (pegGLP-1) in this experimental paradigm. Simulation of MetS/COPD comorbidity caused an accumulation of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+), pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the lungs of female mice. In contrast, the number of cells involved in the angiogenesis decreased in the lungs of male animals. PegGLP-1 had a positive effect on lipids and area under the curve (AUC), obesity, and prevented the development of pulmonary emphysema. The severity of these effects was stronger in males than in females. Furthermore, PegGLP-1 stimulated regeneration of pulmonary endothelium. At the same time, PegGLP-1 administration caused a mobilization of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+) into the bloodstream in females and migration of precursors of angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cells to the lungs in male animals. Gender differences in stimulatory action of pegGLP-1 on CD31+ endothelial lung cells in vitro were not observed. Based on these findings, we postulated that the cellular mechanism of in vivo regeneration of lung epithelium was at least partly gender-specific. Thus, we concluded that a pegGLP-1-based treatment regime for metabolic disorder and COPD should be further developed primarily for male patients
ЧАСТОТА ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ЦИЛИНДРОКЛЕТОЧНОЙ МЕТАПЛАЗИИ И АДЕНОКАРЦИНОМЫ ПИЩЕВОДА У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (по данным эзофагогастродуоденоскопии)
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma among the population in economically developed countries has been increasing significantly for last three decades. Columnar-lining esophagus (Barrett's esophagus) is one of the proven factors of developing esophagus cancer. The prevalence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Russia is not investigated enough. The analysis of the results of 34903 endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract in population of Leningrad region with symptoms of gastric dyspepsia during the period from 2007 to 2013 is presented in this article.В течение трех последних десятилетий отмечается достоверный рост заболеваемости аденокарциномой пищевода населения экономически развитых стран. Одним из доказанных факторов развития железистого рака органа является цилиндроклеточная метаплазия его слизистой оболочки. Распространенность цилиндроклеточной метаплазии и адено-генного рака пищевода среди россиян изучена мало. В статье представлен анализ результатов 34 903 эндоскопических исследований верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта, выполненных в период с 2007 по 2013 г. жителям Ленинградской области с симптомами желудочной диспепсии
Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy
The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in
2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic
rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction,
description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data
activities.Comment: Lectures given at the ISAPP-Baikal Summer School 2018: Exploring the
Universe through multiple messengers, 12-21 July 2018, Bol'shie Koty, Russi
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Probabilistic downscaling of remote sensing data with applications for multi-scale biogeochemical flux modeling
Upscaling ecological information to larger scales in space and downscaling remote sensing observations or model simulations to finer scales remain grand challenges in Earth system science. Downscaling often involves inferring subgrid information from coarse-scale data, and such ill-posed problems are classically addressed using regularization. Here, we apply two-dimensional Tikhonov Regularization (2DTR) to simulate subgrid surface patterns for ecological applications. Specifically, we test the ability of 2DTR to simulate the spatial statistics of high-resolution (4 m) remote sensing observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a tundra landscape. We find that the 2DTR approach as applied here can capture the major mode of spatial variability of the high-resolution information, but not multiple modes of spatial variability, and that the Lagrange multiplier (γ) used to impose the condition of smoothness across space is related to the range of the experimental semivariogram. We used observed and 2DTR-simulated maps of NDVI to estimate landscape-level leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP). NDVI maps simulated using a γ value that approximates the range of observed NDVI result in a landscape-level GPP estimate that differs by ca 2% from those created using observed NDVI. Following findings that GPP per unit LAI is lower near vegetation patch edges, we simulated vegetation patch edges using multiple approaches and found that simulated GPP declined by up to 12% as a result. 2DTR can generate random landscapes rapidly and can be applied to disaggregate ecological information and compare of spatial observations against simulated landscapes
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