Mathematical Modelling the Drying Kinetics of Beetroot Strips during Convective Drying at Different Temperatures

The thin layer drying of beetroot strips was evaluated at drying temperatures from 60 °C to 90 °C using convective dryer at inlet air velocity of 1.0 m/s. The different drying models were tested to evaluate the drying characteristics of beetroot strips. The investigations showed that Page’s and modified Page’s equations were satisfactorily describing the drying behaviour of beetroot strips during convective drying with appreciable high correlation coefficient (0.9971<r<0.9990) with low error values. The effective moisture diffusivity was increased from 3.563 x 10-10 m2/s to 8.038 x 10-10 m2/s with increase in drying temperature. The temperature dependency of effective moisture diffusivity was described by Arrhenius equation and activation energy for moisture diffusivity was 30.08 KJ/mol. The drying kinetic coefficients were significantly (p<0.05) affected by drying air temperature. The exponents of models were decreased linearly with drying air temperature during drying of beetroot strips. The equilibrium moisture content was markedly affected by drying air temperature and it decreased linearly with drying air temperature. The results were very useful in standardisation and optimisation of drying process of beetroot strips in large scale commercial production

High maternal haemoglobin and its relation to pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is poorly understood condition of human pregnancy. It is a pregnancy specific disorder that can affect virtually every organ system. Exact cause is not known, thought to be multifactorial.  The underlying pathology is endothelial dysfunction and intensive vasospasm, affecting almost all vessels. The responsible agent for dysfunction and vasospasm, still not been isolated precisely. So we have done the study   to know the association of first trimester, high maternal haemoglobin with occurrence of PIH.Methods: The longitudinal study was conducted in the 400 pregnant women, who were enrolled in first trimester of pregnancy and followed till the delivery, with 200 pregnant women with haemoglobin >13gm% as cases and 200 pregnant women haemoglobin 11 to 13 gm% as controls. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test.Results: The pregnant women with higher haemoglobin concentration in first trimester had higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia (PIH) comparing to other pregnant women (p <0.0001).Conclusions: High haemoglobin concentration in first trimester of pregnancy can be considered as risk factor Pregnancy induced hypertension

The relationship between maternal blood group and preeclampsia

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific, multisystem,  hypertensive disorder  characterized  by new onset  hypertension  and proteinuria  after  20 weeks of  gestation  and  remission  of signs after delivery, which is the  leading cause of maternal,  fetal  and  neonatal mortality  and  morbidity. Despite extensive research, the etiology and    pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia remain obscure and poorly understood. ABO blood groups are known to be associated with many disorders. In this study we have tried to know the relationship between maternal blood group and preeclampsia.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 100 women with normal pregnancy were selected. Rh negative females or women with any other medical and surgical complication were excluded from the study. Using blood group O as the reference group, the relation between maternal blood group and preeclampsia was estimated using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression models.Results: When compared with blood group O, women of blood group AB have an increased risk of preeclampsia.Conclusions: The present study indicates that AB blood group have the highest risk of developing preeclampsia. AB blood group is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events this may be the cause of increased incidence of PIH in this group. Thus attention should be given to the AB blood group pregnant women in order to prevent the PIH

Life cycle of KPIs in Cloud Networks

Key Performance Indicators are the benchmarks for measuring the health of a given network like Performance, Availability and Resiliency, etc. The Virtualization and Cloud computing transformed how the network operates and delivers services. This led to a new paradigm shift in how we measure the KPIs of Cloud Networks. The KPI management is a big challenge for cloud service providers. This paper describes KPI management for Cloud Networks through the Life cycle of KPI. The KPI Life cycle contains the systematic procedure for KPI Identification, Monitoring, Storage, Visualization and Analysis

On accurate estimation of transverse stresses in multilayer laminates

New numerical algorithms are proposed for the accurate evaluation of transverse stresses in general composite and sandwich laminates. A set of higher-order theories with C0 isoparameteric finite elements and exact three-dimensional equilibrium equations are used. The integration of the equilibrium equations is carried out through exact surface fitting method, direct integration method and forward and central direct finite difference methods. Sixteen- and nine-noded quadrilateral Lagrangian elements with selective numerical integration techniques based on Gauss-Legendre product rules are used in the analysis. Validity of the present numerical techniques and the higher-order theories are demonstrated by comparing the present results with the available elasticity and other closed-form solutions for cross-ply, angle-ply and sandwich laminates. The exact surface fitting method is seen to give accurate estimate of the transverse stresses compared to other methods

ANTIMICROBIAL AND IN SILICO ADMET SCREENING OF NOVEL (E)-N-(2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL-AMINO) VINYL)-3-(1-METHYL-1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-PHENYLPROPANAMIDE DERIVATIVES

Objective: Synthesis, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and in vitro antimicrobial screening of (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenylpropanamide derivatives.Methods: (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3 phenylpropane-amide derivatives were synthesized by combining indole ethanolamine and substituted Meldrum's adduct. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial study by cup plate method and in silico ADMET properties using ACD/I-Lab 2.0.Results: The in vitro antimicrobial screening against precarious pathogenic microorganisms viz, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillin chrysogenum and Cladosporium oxysporum strains. The results revealed that compounds 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e showed good antimicrobial property and obeyed the in silico pharmacokinetic parameters.Conclusion: The encouraging results exhibited by the compounds (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenyl propanamide derivatives, 5(a-e) can be explored as possible hits in antimicrobial therapy. The molecules obey the Lipinski rule of five when tested in silico and can be used in understanding the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters

Improving Spectrum Efficiency in 5G Networks via Collaborative Spectrum Sharing for MIMO-NOMA Enhancement

This research utilises two innovative ways to improve the spectrum efficiency of the 5G Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) power domain. Enhancements are achieved by a Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network (CCRN). Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) configurations are evaluated within a single cell of a communication network. NOMA users initially compete for CCRN common control channels. NOMA customers are given high-priority dedicated control channels during the second approach. The proposed approaches are assessed using MATLAB for three parameters: distance, power localization coefficient, and transmission power scenarios. Simulation involves four users utilizing 80 MHz bandwidths and Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. We examine successive interference cancellation and channel instability assuming that Rayleigh signal fades with frequency. User 4 attained the best Spectral efficiency compared to the other four users, achieving 3.9 bps/Hz/cell for SISO Downlink NOMA, 5.1 for CCRN using common channels, and 7.2 for dedicated control channels. The findings were achieved at a transmit power of 40 dBm. User 4, the top performer, attained a spectral efficiency of 51% utilising a 64 x 64 MIMO Downlink NOMA system. At 40 dB transmit power, common control channels and dedicated control channels improved spectral efficiency performance by 64% and 65% respectively compared to SISO Downlink NOMA. Moreover, 128 × 128 M-MIMO Downlink NOMA improved spectral efficiency performance by 79% for the highest-ranked U4 user. When compared to SISO Downlink NOMA at 40 dB transmit power, The CCRN combining common control channels and dedicated control channels improved spectral efficiency performance by 85% and 86%, respectively. According to the study, the second suggested choice, dedicated control channels with Cooperative Cognitive Radio NOMA (CCR-NOMA), provides clients with the maximum spectrum efficiency. MIMO and M-MIMO enhance spectrum efficiency

Experimental studies on the energy absorption capacity of axially compressed metal tubes

Impact energy absorbers are expendable mechanical structural elements, which are brought into action to dissipate the kinetic energy in the event of an unwanted collision. These act as mechanical fuses to limit the loads, which may act on the main structure immediately after a collision. The use of aluminium tubes and tubular structures for use as impact energy absorbers in different engineering applications is encouraging. This is because of their ready availability in different cross sections and sizes, and also has high energy absorption capacity under quasi-static and dynamic loads. In this present study, experiments are conducted on circular aluminium tubes under quasi-static, axial compression. The different modes of deformation of these tubes are examined in two separate cases. Case 1: when the tubes compressed axially between a flat platen and shaped dies of different radii. Case 2: when the tubes compressed axially between two flat platens. Dies of different radii are used to evaluate the efficient mode of deformation. The energy absorption capacity under quasi-static loading conditions is evaluated in the above cases to evaluate the energy absorption capacity and to compare the energy absorption of aluminium tubes based on the different deformation modes. The results of the study are useful in the design of impact energy absorbers © IAEME Publicatio

A comparative study of antinociceptive effect of fluoxetine with pentazocine in rodent model

Background: Chronic pain affects millions of people across the globe, commonly coexisting with depression. Antidepressants like fluoxetine have shown potential to have analgesic activity with superior safety profile and hence might be better suited in the treatment of chronic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of fluoxetine and to compare the antinociceptive effect of fluoxetine with pentazocine.Methods: Adult albino rats weighing 150-200 grams were used in this study. Screening method used was Acetic acid induced writhing method in rats. Rats were divided into three groups of 5 animals and drugs administered as follows: group-1:  distilled water (control), group-2:  Fluoxetine, group-3:  Pentazocine. All drugs were administered 30 minutes before the onset of pain stimulus. Statistical analysis was done by using one way-analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer test.Results: Fluoxetine failed to show significant antinociceptive activity in Acetic acid induced writhing method.Conclusions: Fluoxetine is an SSRI and one of the most commonly prescribed drug for depression. It is proven to act at multiple sites like serotonin transporter and opioid µ receptor, both of which may play a role in its analgesic activity