Jet-loop reactor with cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane system for treatment of olive mill wastewater

ABSTRACT: Olive oil extraction is one of the ancient agricultural industries all over the Mediterranean area and even today it is of fundamental economic importance for many industries found over the whole Mediterranean. However, this industry generates large amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and due to its physicochemical characteristics it causes severe environmental concerns and management problems in the Mediterranean area, which is facing water scarcity. Technologies to reuse this wastewater will have a high impact at the economic and environmental level. The work presented aims to improve the use of jet-loop reactors technology for the aerobic biotreatment of OMW. A jet-loop reactor (100 L) coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (MBR) system (JACTO.MBR_100 L) were tested for the influence of hydraulic parameters on OMW degradation and scale-up to 1,000 L. Chemical oxygen demand and total phenols (TP) decreased notably (up to 85% and 80% removal efficiency, respectively) after the biological treatment. The treated OMW (UF permeate) was evaluated as a source for irrigation and its impact on the soil and plant growth and their quality parameters.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Метод приближенного анализа взаимодействия материала с валками в вибровалковом измельчителе

The article presents the results of a study of the process of material grinding in roller aggregates with various kinematic features. As the object of research, the design of a vibroroller unit is selected, which has great prospects for use in production. A characteristic feature of this unit is a significant influence on the grinding process of inertia forces. As the main method of research in relation to the movement of the working bodies of the roller and vibroroller shredder and the crushed material, a method of modeling is adopted. It is presented an approximate analysis of the interaction of the crushed material in roll units with rolls. The crushed material is modeled by a set of horizontal elementary layers. At the first stage, the material is crushed in rolls with constant kinematic parameters. Analytical dependencies of the roll pressure on the material are established. At the second stage, the grinding of materials in a vibroroller shredder is considered. A distinctive feature of the vibroroller shredder is the presence of an eccentrically installed roll. The variant is presented when the eccentric performs a curvilinear translational motion, and the roll performs harmonic fluctuation (vibrations) along the coordinate axes with an amplitude of e. The resulting inertia forces and oscillatory motions of the roll are considered. The analysis of the total force in the unit under consideration, which makes it possible to implement crushing-shear and vibration effects on the crushed material, is carried out. The force interaction of the roll with the material is described by two systems of forces: the elastic forces resulting from the contraction of the model layers according to Hooke’s law, and the forces caused by the vibration of the roll (inertia forces). The results obtained are of practical importance in the design of roller units and vibration equipment, as well as for the analysis of the operation of such designs of grinders.Представлены результаты исследования процесса измельчения материала в валковых агрегатах с различными кинематическими особенностями. В качестве объекта исследования выбрана конструкция вибровалкового агрегата, имеющего большие перспективы использования в производстве. Характерной особенностью такого агрегата является значительное влияние на процесс измельчения сил инерции. В качестве основного метода исследования принят метод моделирования, причем применительно к движению рабочих органов валкового и вибровалкового измельчителя и измельчаемого материала. Представлен приближенный анализ взаимодействия измельчаемого материала в валковых агрегатах с валками. Измельчаемый материал моделируется совокупностью горизонтальных элементарных слоев. На первом этапе представлено измельчение материала в валках с постоянными кинематическими параметрами. Установлены аналитические зависимости давления валков на материал. На втором этапе рассмотрено измельчение материалов в вибровалковом измельчителе. Отличительной особенностью вибровалкового измельчителя является наличие эксцентрично установленного валка. Представлен вариант, когда эксцентрик выполняет криволинейно-поступательное движение, а валок совершает гармонические колебания (вибрации) вдоль осей координат с амплитудой е. Рассмотрены возникающие при этом силы инерции и колебательные движения валка. Проведен анализ суммарного усилия в рассматриваемом агрегате, позволяющем реализовать раздавливающе-сдвиговое и вибрационное воздействия на измельчаемый материал. Силовое взаимодействие валка с материалом описано двумя системами сил: силами упругости, возникающими в результате сокращения модельных слоев согласно закону Гука, и силами, вызванными вибрацией валка (силами инерции). Полученные результаты имеют практическую значимость при проектировании валковых агрегатов и вибрационной техники, а также для анализа работы подобных конструкций измельчителей

EB1 Is Required for Spindle Symmetry in Mammalian Mitosis

Most information about the roles of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) and its binding partner EB1 in mitotic cells has come from siRNA studies. These suggest functions in chromosomal segregation and spindle positioning whose loss might contribute to tumourigenesis in cancers initiated by APC mutation. However, siRNA-based approaches have drawbacks associated with the time taken to achieve significant expression knockdown and the pleiotropic effects of EB1 and APC gene knockdown. Here we describe the effects of microinjecting APC- or EB1- specific monoclonal antibodies and a dominant-negative EB1 protein fragment into mammalian mitotic cells. The phenotypes observed were consistent with the roles proposed for EB1 and APC in chromosomal segregation in previous work. However, EB1 antibody injection also revealed two novel mitotic phenotypes, anaphase-specific cortical blebbing and asymmetric spindle pole movement. The daughters of microinjected cells displayed inequalities in microtubule content, with the greatest differences seen in the products of mitoses that showed the severest asymmetry in spindle pole movement. Daughters that inherited the least mobile pole contained the fewest microtubules, consistent with a role for EB1 in processes that promote equality of astral microtubule function at both poles in a spindle. We propose that these novel phenotypes represent APC-independent roles for EB1 in spindle pole function and the regulation of cortical contractility in the later stages of mitosis. Our work confirms that EB1 and APC have important mitotic roles, the loss of which could contribute to CIN in colorectal tumour cells

Combination immunotherapy and active-specific tumor cell vaccination augments anti-cancer immunity in a mouse model of gastric cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Active-specific immunotherapy used as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy is rather unexplored for cancers with poorly characterized tumor antigens like gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to augment a therapeutic immune response to a low immunogenic tumor cell line derived from a spontaneous gastric tumor of a CEA424-SV40 large T antigen (CEA424-SV40 TAg) transgenic mouse.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mice were treated with a lymphodepleting dose of cyclophosphamide prior to reconstitution with syngeneic spleen cells and vaccination with a whole tumor cell vaccine combined with GM-CSF (a treatment strategy abbreviated as LRAST). Anti-tumor activity to subcutaneous tumor challenge was examined in a prophylactic as well as a therapeutic setting and compared to corresponding controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>LRAST enhances tumor-specific T cell responses and efficiently inhibits growth of subsequent transplanted tumor cells. In addition, LRAST tended to slow down growth of established tumors. The improved anti-tumor immune response was accompanied by a transient decrease in the frequency and absolute number of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺T cells (Tregs).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data support the concept that whole tumor cell vaccination in a lymphodepleted and reconstituted host in combination with GM-CSF induces therapeutic tumor-specific T cells. However, the long-term efficacy of the treatment may be dampened by the recurrence of Tregs. Strategies to counteract suppressive immune mechanisms are required to further evaluate this therapeutic vaccination protocol.</p