Observations on an <em>Actinomyces pyogenes</em> infection in a goat

Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated in a case of visceral abscessation involving the lungs and the liver in a goat

Isolation and Antibiogram of Aerobic Nasal Bacterial Flora of Apparently Healthy West African Dwarf Goats

Goats are important in the livestock economy by their adaptability to adverse environmental conditions as they are good sources of protein and income for the rural poor. Studies conducted on the bacterial flora of the respiratory tract in goats focused on the pneumonic lungs, with fewer studies on the apparently normal nasal passage and antibiogram of isolated organisms. This study was carried out on 60 apparently healthy West African Dwarf goats. The nasal swab from each goat was analyzed using standard methods. The disc diffusion technique was used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Three hundred and twenty-eight isolates were obtained. The most frequently isolated species was Streptococcus spp., while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the second dominant bacteria. Other species were isolated at relatively lower rates. The isolation of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy goats in this study reflects their possible role in most common respiratory diseases encountered in small ruminants. Most of the bacteria were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, quinolones (perfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and gentamicin, while they were resistant to tetracycline, augmentin and erythromycin. This study shows the relationship between misuse or unrestricted use of antibiotics and drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for practitioners and researchers to be informed of the appropriate antibiotics to be used in respiratory infections and during control programs

Influence of Parenteral Route on Oral Route of Local IBD Vaccine Administration in the Responses of Broiler Chicks

Six groups (A-F) of ten broilers ten days of age were vaccinated at 7 and 14 days posthatching (PH) against infectious bursal diseases (IBD) with the local IBD vaccine (Vom, Nigeria). The vaccine was administered using parenteral routes with the oral route in different combinations. Seromonitoring was performed with the qualitative and quantitative agar-gel precipitation test (AGPT). The groups vaccinated via the parenteral routes either at 7 or 14 days PH had higher antibody titers than those vaccinated via the oral route both times. All the groups including the unvaccinated control were challenged 16 days postvaccination with a field strain. All the groups vaccinated via parenteral routes were completely protected against the field strain. The unvaccinated control group and the group that received oral vaccination alone had mortality rates of 30 and 10%, respectively. The gross and microscopic lesions were consistent with IBDV infection. It was concluded that the parenteral route of administration enhanced the antibody titer and protection when coupled with the oral route either at day 7 or 14

Acta Tropica 45 1 5 10 SWITZERLAND

Reproductive disorders are frequently seen in human beings and in animals infected with tsetse-transmitted (African)trypanosomiasis. The disorders include irregular menstrual (or oestrus) cycle, infertility, abortion and impotence. Intrauterine infections occasionally occur, resulting in still birth or neonatal mortality. The changes are essentially reversible after treatment, although recovery may take several months