Weak Field Expansion of Gravity: Graphs, Matrices and Topology

We present some approaches to the perturbative analysis of the classical and quantum gravity. First we introduce a graphical representation for a global SO(n) tensor (\pl)^d h_\ab, which generally appears in the weak field expansion around the flat space: g_\mn=\del_\mn+h_\mn. Making use of this representation, we explain 1) Generating function of graphs (Feynman diagram approach), 2) Adjacency matrix (Matrix approach), 3) Graphical classification in terms of "topology indices" (Topology approach), 4) The Young tableau (Symmetric group approach). We systematically construct the global SO(n) invariants. How to show the independence and completeness of those invariants is the main theme. We explain it taking simple examples of \pl\pl h-, {and} (\pl\pl h)^2- invariants in the text. The results are applied to the analysis of the independence of general invariants and (the leading order of) the Weyl anomalies of scalar-gravity theories in "diverse" dimensions (2,4,6,8,10 dimensions).Comment: 41pages, 26 figures, Latex, epsf.st

Role of prucalopride, a serotonin (5-HT4) receptor agonist, for the treatment of chronic constipation

Constipation affects up to a quarter of the population in developed countries and is associated with poor quality of life and significant economic burden. Many patients with chronic constipation are dissatisfied with current therapy due to lack of long-term efficacy or side effects. Previous nonselective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4) agonists have been associated with significant interactions with other receptors (5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT2B for tegaserod; hERG for cisapride), leading to adverse cardiovascular events resulting in withdrawal of these drugs from the market. Prucalopride is a novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. It acts as a high affinity, highly-selective 5-HT4 agonist. Its efficacy in patients with chronic constipation has been demonstrated in several phase II and phase III clinical trials showing significant improvements in bowel transit, bowel function, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life, with benefit maintained for up to 24 months in open label, multicenter, follow-up studies. Prucalopride’s high selectivity for the 5-HT4 receptor may explain its favorable safety and tolerability profiles, even in elderly subjects with stable cardiovascular disease. Prucalopride is a well tolerated and efficacious prokinetic medication that should enhance the treatment of chronic constipation unresponsive to first-line treatments

Fermionic zero-modes in type II fivebrane backgrounds

The explicit form of the fermionic zero-modes in the fivebrane backgrounds of type IIA and IIB supergravity theories is investigated. In type IIA fivebrane background there are four zero-modes of gravitinos and dilatinos. In type IIB fivebrane background four zero-modes of dilatinos and no zero-modes of gravitinos are found. These zero-modes indicate the four-fermion condensates which have been suggested in a calculation of the tension of the D-brane in fivebrane backgrounds.Comment: 10 page

A closer look at string resonances in dijet events at the LHC

The first string excited state can be observed as a resonance in dijet invariant mass distributions at the LHC, if the scenario of low-scale string with large extra dimensions is realized. A distinguished property of the dijet resonance by string excited states from that the other "new physics" is that many almost degenerate states with various spin compose a single resonance structure. It is examined that how we can obtain evidences of low-scale string models through the analysis of angular distributions of dijet events at the LHC. Some string resonance states of color singlet can obtain large mass shifts through the open string one-loop effect, or through the mixing with closed string states, and the shape of resonance structure can be distorted. Although the distortion is not very large (10% for the mass squared), it might be able to observe the effect at the LHC, if gluon jets and quark jets could be distinguished in a certain level of efficiency.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Coarse-graining of bubbling geometries and the fuzzball conjecture

In the LLM bubbling geometries, we compute the entropies of black holes and estimate their "horizon" sizes from the fuzzball conjecture, based on coarse-graining on the gravity side. The differences of black hole microstates cannot be seen by classical observations. Conversely, by counting the possible deformations of the geometry which are not classically detectable, we can calculate the entropy. We carry out this method on the black holes of the LLM bubbling geometries, such as the superstar, and obtain the same result as was derived by coarse-graining directly on the CFT (fermion) side. Second, by application of this method, we can estimate the "horizon" sizes of those black holes, based on the fuzzball conjecture. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy computed from this "horizon" agrees with that microscopic entropy above. This result supports the fuzzball conjecture.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX; v2: minor corrections, references added, v3: minor corrections, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Laterality of the Activation of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle in Females with Parkinson\u27s Disease during the Medication State Compared with Healthy Controls

This study quantified the laterality of motor unit activation properties in females with Parkinson’s disease during force production (low to high-intensity contraction) using high-density surface electromyography. Sixteen females with Parkinson’s disease (age = ± 7.6 years, disease duration = 4.9 ± 5.1 years) and 14 healthy female subjects (age = 68.6 ± 3.6 years) performed submaximal ramp-up contractions during isometric knee extension. High-density surface electromyography signals were recorded from both vastus lateralis muscles. The level of heterogeneity was calculated in the spatial distribution patterns of the high-density surface electromyography signals to determine the modified entropy, coefficient of variation of the root mean square and correlation coefficient to evaluate motor unit activation properties. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between disease severity and the root mean square and electromyography variables. The root mean square value and heterogeneity were significantly higher and lower on the more-affected side in females with Parkinson’s disease than on the contralateral side in females with Parkinson’s disease or either side in control subjects (p \u3c 0.05). Females with Parkinson’s disease that exhibited temporal changes of spatial motor unit activation properties showed significant laterality when compared to healthy control subjects in both the low and high-intensity contractions. Moderate-to-strong correlations were observed between disease severity and root mean square and electromyography variables in females with Parkinson’s disease (r\u3e 0.6, p \u3c 0.001). The laterality of motor unit activation properties was compared between the subjects with Parkinson’s disease and the control subjects. The findings suggest that females with Parkinson’s disease have asymmetrical motor unit activation properties, independent of the magnitude of force production

Model-independent analysis of \bbox{B}-\bbox{\bar B} mixing and \bbox{CP} violation in \bbox{B} decays

We present a framework to analyze effects of new physics beyond the standard model on $B$-$\bar B$ mixing and $CP$ violation in $B$ decays in a model-independent manner. Assuming that tree level decay amplitudes are dominated by the standard model ones, new physics contribution to the $B$-$\bar B$ mixing can be extracted from several measurements at $B$ factories. Using this framework, we show the present constraint on new physics contribution to the $B$-$\bar B$ mixing, and illustrate constraints expected to be given by future experiments at $B$ factories. We also point out a possibility that $CP$ asymmetries in $B\rightarrow\psi K_S$, $B\rightarrow\pi\pi$, and $B\rightarrow DK$ modes look consistent with the standard model, even if a large new physics contribution is present in the $B$-$\bar B$ mixing.Comment: 11 pages, 3 Postscript figures, also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-44

Gravitino condensation in fivebrane backgrounds

We calculate the tension of the D3-brane in the fivebrane background which is described by the exactly solvable SU(2)_k x U(1) world-sheet conformal field theory with large Kac-Moody level k. The D3-brane tension is extracted from the amplitude of one closed string exchange between two parallel D3-branes, and the amplitude is calculated by utilizing the open-closed string duality. The tension of the D3-brane in the background does not coincide with the one in the flat space-time even in the flat space-time limit: k -> infinity. The finite curvature effect should vanish in the flat space-time limit and only the topological effect can remain. Therefore, the deviation indicates the condensation of gravitino and/or dilatino which has been expected in the fivebrane background as a gravitational instanton.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur